Integumentary Flashcards
What are three difference in skin of older adults?
- Drier (oil and sweat gland activity decreases)
- Epidermis becomes thinner
- Dermis becomes less elastic and shrinks (wrinkles and loss of turgor)
What is the normal nail base angle? what is angle of clubbing?
160; 180+
What is clubbing associated with?
Respiratory and CV diseases (often seen in CF)
In a Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test, what is the common threshold indicating disease?
5.07
What are the S&S of skin disease?
- Pruritus (itching)
- Urticaria (hives)
- Rash
- Blister
- Xeroderma (rough, dry skin)
- Unusual spots, moles nodules, cysts
- Changes in appearance of nails
- changes in skin color, turgor, texture
What should be included in documentation of skin lesions?
- Size
- Pattern,
- Pain
- Tenderness
- Itching
- Area of the body
- Drainage (color, amount)
- Temp of the skin
General term to describe superficial inflammation of the skin; can be acute, subacute, or chronic stages
Dermatitis
Type of dermatitis with superficial inflammation of the skin
Eczema
Type of dermatitis due to something physical causing the symptoms; exposure to chemicals
Contact dermatitis
Type of dermatitis that is chronic
Atopic dermatitis
Chronic facial disorder; variation of acne; occurs on cheeks, nose and chin; possibly linked to GI bacteria
Rosacea
What are the types of skin infection?
- Bacterial
- Viral
- Fungal
- Parasitic
Superficial skin infection caused by staph or strep; spread by direct contact or environmental contamination; symptoms include macule –> Vesicles –> Pustules, which creates a thick yellow crust
Impetigo (treated with oral antibiotics)
What are the 2 common bacterial skin infections?
- Impetigo
2. Cellulitis
Acute inflammation of skin and underlying tissue with skin infection; spreads rapidly, often in extremities; usually staph; occurs in older adults. diabetes, malnutrition, steroid therapy, presence of wounds; erythema, edema, tenderness symptoms
Cellulitis (treated with IV antibiotics)
What are 2 common viral skin infections?
- Herpes Zoster (shingles)
2. Warts (verrucae)
Skin infection where intracellular parasites invade host cells; epidural cells react with inflammation and vesiculation
Viral infections
Reactive of varicella zoster virus during immunocompromised or stressful state; unilateral presentation in a dermatome; painful rash with blisters and postherpatic neuralgia
Herpes Zoster or “shingles”
What is herpes zoster a contraindication for?
Heat or ultrasound
Skin infection caused by HPVs
Warts or verrucae (treated with cryotherapy, OTC salicylic acid, curettage)
What are 2 common types of fungal skin infections?
- Tinea corporis (ringworm)
2. Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
If tine pedis is not treated, what can it turn into?
Cellulitis of the lower leg
What are 2 common types of parasitic infections?
- Scabies
2. Pediculosis (lice)
Highly contagious skin eruption caused by mites; rapidly spread but response is 30-60 days after contact; occurs in webspace, wrist, axilla, genitalia, umbilicus
Scabies
What is the most common cancer in women 25-29 years of age?
Melanoma
What are the 2 benign tumors?
- Seborrheic Keroatosis
2. Nevi
Tumor; proliferation of basal cells; waxy, smooth, or raised; vary in color
Seborrheic Keroatosis
Tumor; cafe-au-lait spots, mongolian spots, moles
Nevi tumor
What is the type of premalignant skin cancer?
Actinic keratosis
Occurs as a result to UV rays in areas exposed to the sun; red blotchy in color; almost 100% of older caucasians will get this; half of skin cancer starts as this, then progresses to something else
Actinic keratosis
What are the 3 malignant tumor types?
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Squamos cell carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma
Slow growing epithelial tumor; rarely metastasizes; due to prolonged sun exposure; pearly or ivory appearance with rolled edges; type seen in people <40
Basal cell carcinoma
Epidermal keratinocytes tumor; due to sun-damaged skin; poorly defined margins, red to flesh colored surrounded by scaly tissue
Squamous cell carcinoma
Neoplasm of melanocytes; 4 types; nearly 100% curable if detected early; can spread quickly; brown or black raised patch with irregular borders
Malignant melanoma
Cancer that develops from the cells that line lymph or blood vessels; common in those with HIV/AIDS and kidney transplants due to being immunosuppressed; red, purple, or dark blue patches enlarge to become nodules or ulcers
Kaposi’s sarcoma (treated with chemo)
What are the 3 immune disorder that cause skin abnormalities?
- Psoriasis
- Lupus Erythematous
- Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Chronic inherited, noninfectious, recurrent inflammation; well-defined erythematous plaques covered with silvery scale
Psoriasis (tx = topical creams, ointments, light therapy)
Chronic inflammatory disorder of connective tissue; butterfly rash is common
Lupus Erythematous (tx = topical creams, ointments and light therapy)
Chronic diffuse connective tissue disease causing fibrosis (tightening) of skin, blood vessels, organs; can be systemic or localized; overproduction and accumulation of collagen in body tissue; pain stiffness, color changes, edema of fingers and joints; taut, shiny skin over hand and forearm
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) (no cure; medication to help control symptoms)
