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System Screenings I > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Structure that produces eggs

A

Ovaries

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2
Q

Structure that transports eggs to uterus; where fertilization takes place

A

Fallopian tubes

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3
Q

Structure that produces the sperm

A

Testes

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4
Q

Structure where sperm matures/becomes functional; involved in sperm transportation

A

Epididymus

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5
Q

Goes with epididymus, more transport role

A

Ductus deferens

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6
Q

What are the different pathologies of the reproductive system?

A
  1. Infertility
  2. Infections and inflammation
  3. Tumors
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7
Q

Abnormal localization of endometrial tissue; Can be located in myometrium or in sites outside the uterus; Functional and responds to hormonal stimulation

A

Endometriosis

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8
Q

What are risk factors of endometriosis?

A
  1. Woman of childbearing years (10-15%)
  2. More common in women who postpone pregnancy
  3. Early menarche
  4. Menstrual cycles 27 days or less
  5. Menstrual periods lasting 7 days or longer
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9
Q

What are S and S of endometriosis?

A

Low abdominal or pelvic pain associated with menstrual period:

  1. Uterine involvement – dyspareunia (pain during intercourse)
  2. Bladder involvement – dysuria (pain during urination)
  3. Rectal – pain on defecation
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10
Q

What should PTs be aware of with when muscle testing that could actually be a symptom of endometriosis?

A

False findings; i.e., if endometrial pain is on iliopsoas, pt will report pain when m is tested

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11
Q

Occurs when a fertilized ovum implants outside the uterus

A

ectopic pregnancy

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12
Q

What are the sis factors for ectopic pregnancy?

A
  1. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
  2. Prior tubal surgery
  3. Ruptured appendix
  4. Endometriosis
  5. Previous ectopic pregnancy
  6. Infertility
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13
Q

What are clinical manifestations of an ectopic pregnancy?

A
  1. Amenorrhea or irregular bleeding
  2. Lower abdominal quadrant or back pain
  3. Pelvic mass
  4. S and S of normal pregnancy
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14
Q

Failure to begin menstrual cycles

A

Primary amenorrhea

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15
Q

Failure of menstrual cycle after a variable period of normal function

A

Secondary amenorrhea

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16
Q

What is the 2nd most common urogenital cancer?

A

Ovarian cancer (number 1 in deaths)

17
Q

At diagnosis, ___% of cases have metastasized

A

60-70

18
Q

What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer?

A
  1. Nulliparity (not having become pregnant at all)
  2. Family history
  3. History of infertility
19
Q

What are protective factors for ovarian cancer?

A
  1. 1 or more full term pregnancies
  2. History of breastfeeding
  3. Use of oral contraceptives
  4. Native American women
20
Q

This cancer is often asymptomatic or vague (abdominal bloating, flatulence, abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain), which is why it is often found after metastasis has occurred which cause weight loss, cachexia, weakness, ascites, shoulder girdle or thoracic pain.

A

Ovarian cancer

21
Q

Fibrosis and cysts that occur in the breasts; pain, fine nodules in breast tissue, tenderness

A

Fibrocystic chance

22
Q

Tumors that feel separate from other tissues; usually well encapsulated, usually 2-5 cm diameter; usually affect young women

A

benign breast tumors

23
Q

2nd most common tumor in women; causes are hormonal (early monarchy, late menopause, nulliparous or late first pregnancy) and genetic

A

Malignant breast tumor

24
Q

What are potential risk factors of malignant breast tumors?

A
  1. Oral contraceptives
  2. Hormone therapy
  3. High-fat diet
  4. Alcohol consumption
25
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of malignant breast tumors?

A
  1. usually surrounded by dense connective tissue
  2. causes puckering of skin and retraction of the nipple
  3. tumors are firm, but no sharp margin
  4. typically not painful
26
Q

Where can breast cancer metastasize to?

A

Usually axillary lymph nodes (50% at dx), but also in liver, bones, brain, and adrenals

27
Q

What are physiological changes due to menopause?

A
  1. Hot flashes
  2. Changes in reproductive organs (Dryness and atrophy, dyspareunia, stress incontinence, vaginal itching and burning)
  3. Osteoporosis
  4. Cardiovascular diseases
28
Q

What are psychological changes of menopause?

A
  1. Nervousness
  2. Depression
  3. Headache
  4. Insomnia
  5. Decreased sex drive
  6. Memory loss
  7. Vertigo

System Screenings I (23 decks)

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