Male Genital Tract Flashcards
Clinical Significance of male reproductive system
- cryptochidism
- herniation
- castration
How to differentiate between scrotal and abdominal herniation
- abdominal: herniation in abdomen
- scrotal: in scrotum
Other names for abdominal vs. inguinal herniation
- high flanker (abdominal)
- low flanker (inguinal)
List the 7 structures of male genital tract
1) scrotum
2) testes
3) epididymis
4) spermatic cord
5) accessory glands
6) penis
7) prepuce
Name the layers of the scrotum from outer to inner
- skin
- tunica dartos
- scrotal fascia
- tunica vaginalis
- tunica albuginea
What is the median raphe and its significance
- structure that divides L and R testicles
- must make incisions during castrations lateral to this line
Testis must be ___ to ____ degrees Celsius below body temp
3-5
What structures assist in the thermoregulation of the testes
- tunica dartos
- cremaster muscle
- sweat glands
- pampiniform plexus
Function of sertoli cells
Provide nutrition for sperm prod.
Function of leydig cells
Hormone secretion during sperm production
Which breeds are predisposed to cryptorchidism
QH and SB
Legal issues regarding castrations/cryptorchidism
- must feel testicles before removing
- illegal to leave testicle in body
- show tissue to client
3 ways to fix cryptorchidism
1) laparotomy
2) flank incision
3) ————-
Difference between open and closed castrations
- open: cut tunica vaginalis open & milk contents out
- closed: tunica vaginalis stays closed
Contents of spermatic cord
- ductus deferens ( vessels, nerves, lymphatics)
- testicular ( vessels, nerves, lymphatics)
- peritoneum (tunica vaginalis)
- cremaster muscle
Inguinal structures of males
- spermatic cord
- genitofemoral n.
- external pudendal a.
- lymphatic
Inguinal structures of females
- artery
- nerve
- lymphatic
Abdominal edemas are assc. w/
Closed castration
Differential dx for abdominal edemas
- heaves
- anterior enteritis
Omental hernias assc. w/
Open castrations b/c abdominal cavity is opened
Intestinal hernias assc. w/ open castrations b/c
Abdominal cavity is opened
Clin sig of testicular a.
If lateral branch of this artery is present, then breeding soundness decreases
4 functions of the epididymis
- transport sperm from testis to ductus deferens
- sperm maturity
- concentration of testicular fluid
- sperm protection
4 accessory glands of male
- ampulla of deferens duct
- vesicular gland
- bulbourethral gland
- body of prostate
Function of ischiocavernous muscle
Attaches penis to pelvis
Function of the ampulla of the ductus deferens
Sperm storage
Function of vesicular gland
Seminal vesicles
Function of prostate
Alkaline secretions/pre-ejaculate
Function of bulbourethral
Seminal fluid
3 parts of the penis
Glans, body, root
Penis contains _______ _______ _______ plexus
External pudendal venous
List parts of the penis from dorsal to ventral
-ischiocavernosus m.
- tunica albuginea
- corpus cavernosum
- corpus spongiosum
- urethra
- bulbospongiosus
- retractor penis
Clin sig of the fossa of the glans penis
- contains smegma ( can affect urination, must be cleaned on a regular basis)
List the clinical conditions of the penis
- preputial edema
- paraphimosis
- tumors
- frost bites
- laceration
How to treat penile frostbites
1) penile amputation
2) urethrostomy ( cut 10 cm ventral to pelvic floor; catheterize)
