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Anatomy II > Equine Neck > Flashcards

Equine Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Bilateral action of brachiocephalicus muscle does…

A

Flexes neck ventrally

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2
Q

Unilateral action bends the neck….

A

Towards the active side

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3
Q

When neck is fixed…..

A

Unilateral action advances the limb

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4
Q

Dorsal br. of accessory n. supplies what muscles & clin sig

A
  • supplies trapezius, omotransversarius, and brachiocephalic muscles
  • must be avoided during IM injections
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5
Q

Ventral br. of accessory nerve supplies

A

Sternocephalicus m.

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6
Q

Location of ventral branch of accessory nerve

A

Ventral aspect of parotid gland

Dorsomedial to musculotendinous junction of Sternocephalicus m.

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7
Q

2 clin sigs of Ventral branch of accessory nerve

A
  • modified forssell’s technique (crib biting treatment )
  • biopsy of this nerve used to diagnose Equine Motor Neuron Disease
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8
Q

List top 5 choices for venipuncture (in order)

A
  • jugular v

-transverse facial v

-cephalic v

-saphenous v

  • superficial thoracic v
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9
Q

Location of transverse facial vein

A
  • Ventral to facial crest
  • Midway to medial & lateral canthus of the eye
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10
Q

List the structures that the cutaneous colli m. protects

A
  • cephalic v
  • deltoid branch of superficial cervical a.
  • thoracic duct
  • caudal deep cervical lymph node
  • cd. aspect of jugular v
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11
Q

Why is venipuncture preferred in the cranial half of jugular v

A

Cutaneous colli m. covers the caudal half

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12
Q

Clin sig of medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes

A

Strangles

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13
Q

Deep fascia covers…

A

Carotid sheath, trachea, and esophagus

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14
Q

The superficial & deep fascia communicate. Why important?

A

Infection can easily spread

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15
Q

Contents of carotid sheath (4)

A
  • vagosympathetic trunk
  • common carotid a
  • recurrent laryngeal
  • maybe internal jugular v
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16
Q

Why is L recurrent laryngeal n. susceptible to being injured

A

Bc its longer

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17
Q

Structures the cutaneous colli m. covers

A
  • jugular v
  • cephalic v
  • deltoid branch of superficial cervical a.
  • caudal deep cervical lymph center
  • thoracic inlet
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18
Q

Borders of jugular groove

A
  • dorsally: omotransversarius m. & cleidomastoideus m.
  • Ventrally: sternocephalicus m.
  • medially: omohyoideus m.
  • laterally: cranial 1/2=skin & caudal 1/2= cutaneous colli m.
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19
Q

List the primary and secondary site for pulse taking

A

1st) Facial a.

2nd) Transverse facial a.

20
Q

Cranial deep cervical lymph nodes receive & reside on

A

Afferent vessels from deep structures of head; first few tracheal rings

21
Q

3 procedures associated with trachea

A
  • trans-tracheal wash
  • broncho-alveolar lavage
  • tracheotomy/tracheostomy
22
Q

Names of 3 lymph centers

A
  • cr. Deep
  • middle deep
  • cd. Deep
23
Q

Injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve causes

A

Laryngeal hemiplegia (roaring)

24
Q

What muscle does the recurrent laryngeal supply

A
  • arytenoid dorsalis m. (Funct: to abduct arytenoid cartilage)
25
Q

Layers of esophagus

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • 2 muscle layers
  • adventitia
26
Q

Clin sig of esophagus

A

Trauma, choking, mass formation, post-op complications causes lumen to:
- increase: causes diverticula

  • decrease: causes strictures
27
Q

How to diagnose strictures and diverticula

A

Endoscopy or esophageogram

28
Q

What is done during tracheotomy

A
  • emergency procedure
  • annular ligament between tracheal rings 4 and 6 are severed
29
Q

What is done during tracheostomy

A
  • permanent surgical procedure (on the books)
  • elliptical parts of tracheal rings 4-6 are severed
30
Q

What two muscles are incised during a tracheotomy/tracheostomy

A
  • sternohyoideus m.

-sternothyroideus m.

31
Q

Why would a trans-tracheal wash be performed

A

To collect fluid for culture from trachea & lungs in suspected respiratory infection cases

32
Q

Where does the thyroid gland reside

A

First few rings of trachea

33
Q

Middle deep cervical lymph node location

A

Mid-ventral and lateral surfaces of trachea

34
Q

Caudal deep cervical lymph node location

A

Thoracic inlet

35
Q

Superficial cervical lymph center borders

A
  • laterally: cleidomastoideus & omotransversarius muscles
  • medially: omohyoideus m.
  • caudally: subclavius m.
36
Q

What structures does the superficial cervical lymph center drain

A
  • Neck, thorax, shoulder, arm
  • sends efferents to caudal deep cervical lymph nodes in thoracic inlet
37
Q

Name the 2 parts of the nuchal ligament

A
  • lamina nuchae (sheet)
  • funiculus nuchae (line)
38
Q

Origin, inertion, and location of funicular nuchae

A
  • origin: base of skull
  • runs caudally along dorsal midline & joins supraspinous ligament
  • insertion: spinous processes of T2-T8
39
Q

Origin and Insertion of laminae nuchae

A
  • origin: spinous processes of T2-T3
  • insertion: spinous processes of C2-C5
40
Q

4 functions of atlantooccipital space

A
  • csf tap
  • inject redio-opaque medium
  • inject local anesthesia or intra-articular treatments
  • perform arthroscopic procedures
41
Q

List the 3 bursae ventral to nuchal ligament

A
  • cranial nuchal bursa
  • caudal nuchal bursa
  • supraspinous bursa
42
Q

Location and clin sig of cranial nuchal bursa

A
  • between ventral aspect of funicula nuchae and dorsal aspect of spinous processes of 1st cervical verterbrae
  • poll evil
43
Q

Describe poll evil

A

Inflammation of cranial nuchal bursa caused by continuous irritation to area, which opens the skin and lets bacteria in

44
Q

Location of caudal nuchal bursa and clin sig

A
  • between ventral aspect of funicular nuchae and spinous process of 2nd cervical vertebrae
  • not all horses have it
45
Q

Location and clin sig of supraspinous bursa

A
  • between ventral aspect of funicular nuchae and spinous processes of T2-T3
  • Fistulous withers
46
Q

Describe fistulous withers and its importance to public health

A
  • inflammation of supraspinous bursa due to Brucella infection
  • causes abortion and sterility
  • vets and people who work directly with infected animal are at high risk of contracting

Anatomy II (18 decks)

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