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Anatomy II > Equine Hindlimb > Flashcards

Equine Hindlimb Flashcards

1
Q

Regions of hindlimb (6)

A
  • thigh
  • crus/leg
  • hock/tarsus
  • fetlock
  • pastern
  • coffin
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2
Q

General joints (6)

A
  • hip
  • stifle (2)
  • hock (4)
  • fetlock

-pastern

  • coffin
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3
Q

Hip joint

A
  • articulation between acetabulum and femur head
  • ligaments prevent hip subluxations
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4
Q

Stifle joint

A
  • femoropatellar: articulation between femur and patella
  • femoro-tibial: articulation between femur and tibia
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5
Q

Hock/tarsus joint

A
  • tibiotarsal: articulation between distal end of tibia and proximal row of tarsal bones (tarsus and calcaneus)
  • proximal intertarsal (centroproximal): articulation between proximal row of tarsal bones and second row of tarsal bones (central and 4th tarsal bones)
  • distal intertarsal (centrodistal): articulation between central tarsal bone and distal row of tarsal bones ( fused 1st and 2nd tarsal bones and 3rd and 4th tarsal bones)
  • tarsometatarsal: articulation between distal row of tarsal bones and the medial splint, lateral splint, and canon bones ( 2nd, 4th, and 3rd metatarsal bones)
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6
Q

Fetlock joint

A
  • articulation between distal end of 3rd metatarsal (canon), proximal sesamoid bones, and 1st phalanx
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7
Q

Pastern joint

A
  • articulation between 1st and 2nd phalanges
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8
Q

Coffin joint

A
  • articulation between 2nd and 3rd phalanges
    (Coffin bone and navicular bone)
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9
Q

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus m.

A

Site for IM injections

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10
Q

Trochanteric bursa

A
  • formed by tendon of insertion of gluteal muscle and lower cranial portion of greater trochanter of femur
  • trochanteric bursitis: causes severe lameness
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11
Q

Sciatic n.

A
  • lateral surface of thigh
  • motor n.
  • supplies semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscles
  • paralysis: atrophy of previous muscles, hip drop, asymmetry, toe-touch lameness
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12
Q

Femoral n.

A
  • medial surface of thigh
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13
Q

Sacroiliac ligament

A
  • attaches ilium of pelvis and vertebral column
  • hunter’s pump/sacroiliac subluxation: sacroiliac ligament ruptures; asymmetry between both sides at hip level. Elevated hip is affected side.
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14
Q

Ligaments that strengthen the hip joint (3)

A
  • transverse ligament of acetabulum
  • ligament of the head of femur
  • accessory ligament (from prepubic tendon)
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15
Q

Femoropatellar joint

A
  • one joint capsule
  • one compartment
  • easier to puncture

-puncture landmark: either side of middle patellar ligament

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16
Q

Femorotibial joint

A
  • medial & lateral compartment
  • one capsule
  • larger than femoropatellar
  • medial compartment communicates w/ femoropatellar jt in 80% horses
  • lateral compartment communicates w/ femoropatellar jt in 25% horses
  • lateral compartment is directly behind lateral patellar ligament
17
Q

Patella

A
  • articulated to tibia and femur via: lateral patellary lig, middle patellary lig, medial patellary lig, and patellary fibrocartilage
  • all previous structures except middle patellary ligament are part of patellar locking mech (1st part of passive stay mech)
  • upward fixation of patella
18
Q

Upward fixation of patella

A
  • when patella stays on femur due to poor conformation and joint locks; stifle and hock joint are overextended
  • treatment: severing medial patellary ligament
19
Q

Long digital extensor m.

A
  • only muscle to reach P3
  • inserts on extensor process of P3
  • pyramid disease
  • landmark for injections in coffin joint
20
Q

Lateral digital extensor m.

A
  • tendon joins long digital extensor tendon on dorsal aspect of cannon bone
  • stringhalt
21
Q

Stringhalt

A
  • involuntary flexion of hock joint
  • treatment: severing of tendon shared by lateral digital extensor m. and long digital extensor m. at musculotendinous junction and before it joins tendon of long digital extensor m.
  • treatment is called tenotomy
22
Q

Tendinous peroneus tertius

A
  • ventral to long digital extensor m.
  • forms cranial part of reciprocal apparatus (passive stay apparatus)
  • rupture of peroneus tertius causes loss in synchronization of hock and stifle
  • tendon has superficial lateral branch and dorsal branch
23
Q

Reciprocal apparatus

A
  • cranial: tendinous peroneus tertius
  • caudal: tendon of SDF
24
Q

Tibialis cranialis m.

A
  • dorsal br: inserts on 3rd tarsal bone
  • medial br: cunean tendon
25
Q

Cunean tendon

A
  • medial tendon of insertion for tibialis cranialis
  • cunean bursa under tendon
  • severed to treat cunean bursitis, bone spavin, osteoarthritis of tarsocrural/ tibio-tarsal joint (relieves pressure off joint)
26
Q

Medial saphenous v.

A
  • avoid when doing hock arthroscopy or injections
  • blood spavin (engorgement of vessel w/ blood)
27
Q

Calcanean bursa

A
  • under skin of calcaneus
  • capped hock
  • another bursa under SDF tendon called “sub-tendinous calcanean bursa”
28
Q

Capped hock

A
  • calcification of bursa contents
29
Q

Fibular (peroneal) n.

A

Flex hock

30
Q

Femoral n.

A

Extend stifle

31
Q

Obturator n.

A

Adductor/gracilis

Anatomy II (18 decks)

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