Cerebellum-Gibson

Question 1

Key functions of the cerebellum are

Answer 1

1) Coordinates and smooths out muscle activity
2) movement of head, trunk, and limbs

Question 2

T or F: Cerebellum initiates movement

Answer 2

False; it only COORDINATES movement

Question 3

The tentorium cerebelli separates…

Answer 3

Cerebellum from cerebral hemispheres

Question 4

Cerebellum sits above…

Answer 4

The 4th ventricle and brainstem

Question 5

Define “Folia”

Answer 5

Small folds on the cerebellar surface

Question 6

Define “Fissures”

Answer 6

Larger crevices between the folia

Question 7

What is another name for the white matter in the cerebellum?

Answer 7

Arbor vitae

Question 8

What is the vermis of the cerebellum?

Answer 8

The central medial region

Question 9

What muscles and action is the vermis of the cerebellum associated with?

Answer 9

1) trunk muscles

2) proximal limb movement

Question 10

Which input pathway is associated with the vermis of the cerebellum?

Answer 10

Spinocerebellar Pathway

Question 11

What actions are the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum associated with?

Answer 11

1) skilled movement

2) muscle function on the IPSILATERAL side

Question 12

What input pathway are the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum associated with?

Answer 12

Cerebrocerebellar pathway

Question 13

Where is the Flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum located?

Answer 13

Ventrally

Question 14

What are the 2 main functions of the Flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum?

Answer 14

1) Balance

2) Active in vestibular system

Question 15

What input pathway is the Flocculonodular lobe associated with?

Answer 15

Vestibulocerebellar pathway

Question 16

What are the 3 peduncles that attach the cerebellum to the brainstem bilaterally?

Answer 16

Rostral, Caudal, and Middle Cerebellar Peduncles

Question 17

What structures of the brain are each of the 3 cerebellar peduncles associated with?

Answer 17

Middle- pons
Caudal- medulla
Rostral- midbrain

Question 18

The 3 cerebellar peduncles are composed of…

Answer 18

Axons entering and exiting the cerebellum

Question 19

Define “altricial”

Answer 19

Helpless, immature offspring due to cerebellum being underdeveloped at birth

Question 20

Define “precocial”

Answer 20

Animal can ambulate and move on its own because the cerebellum has developed enough.

Question 21

Where is the grey and white matter located in the cerebellum?

Answer 21

Grey- outside
White- inside

Question 22

Name the layers of the cerebellar cortex from inner to outer

Answer 22

1) Granular cell layer
2) Purkinje cell layer
3) Molecular layer

Question 23

What is special about the Purkinje layer of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 23

1) only neuron with output from cortex to deep cerebellar nuclei

2) inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 24

The deep cerebellar nuclei contains extra gray matter. It is significant because…

Answer 24

1) send signals out from cerebellum

2) has excitatory neurotransmitters

Question 25

Describe the locations and name the 3 parts of the deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 25

1) Fastigial (Most medial) 2) Interposital (between fastigial and lateral 3) Lateral (self explanatory)

Question 26

What are the deep cerebellar nuclei excitatory to?

Answer 26

Upper motor nuclei of pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor systems

Question 27

Describe the 2 ways info can enter the cerebellum

Answer 27

1) cerebellum receives afferent sensory info from proprioceptors via body and head 2) cerebellum receives info from motor planning centers of forebrain

Question 28

Describe the steps how info exits the cerebellum

Answer 28

1) info is sent to brainstem from cerebellum 2) info is then sent to motor cortex and pre-motor cortex to help coordinate and smooth out planned motor activity or out to body

Question 29

Which region of the cerebellum does the spinocerebellar pathway reside and where does it eventually lead to?

Answer 29

Vermis; descending brainstem

Question 30

Which region of the cerebellum does the cerebrocerebellar pathway reside and where does it eventually lead to?

Answer 30

Cerebral hemispheres; motor cortices

Question 31

Which region of the cerebellum does the vestibulocerebellar pathway reside and where does it eventually lead to?

Answer 31

Flocculus; vestibular nuclei

Question 32

What is the function of the spinocerebellar pathway, where is the info relayed to/ path of travel and what does it assist with?

Answer 32

1) general and subconscious proprioception 2) travels up ipsilateral cerebellum via spinocerebellar pathway 3) info assists with coordinating posture and locomotion

Question 33

What is the function of the cerebrocerebellar pathway and which side does the info come down from?

Answer 33

1) critical for planning and control of precise movement of extremities 2) comes down from contralateral cortex

Question 34

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear pathway?

Answer 34

Coordinates position of eyes, neck, trunk, and limbs with position and movements of head (ipsilateral)

Question 35

All afferent signals entering the cerebellum are…

Answer 35

Excitatory

Question 36

List the excitatory pathways of the cerebellum

Answer 36

1) spinocerebellar 2) cerebrocerebellar 3) vestibulocerebellar

Question 37

Input from the extrapyramidal motor systems regulate…

Answer 37

Movement, posture, and locomotion

Question 38

The efferent signals exiting the cerebellum are…

Answer 38

Inhibitory

Question 39

Where do the inhibitory cerebellar signals synapse?

Answer 39

Mostly on deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 40

Deep cerebellar nuclei are excitatory to…

Answer 40

Nuclei of pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor systems

Question 41

Name 3 clinical signs of cerebellar disease

Answer 41

1) intention tremor 2) hypermtria 3) truncal ataxia