malaria

Question 1

what is malaria

Answer 1

caused by female anopheles mosquito

Question 2

causative agents of malaria

Answer 2

PARASITES!!!

• plasmodium falciparum (most malignant/drug resistance)
• plasmodium malariae
• plasmodium vivax
• plasmodium ovale
• plasmodium knowleSI

Question 3

where is the target organ of these causative agents of malaria?

Answer 3

liver —- wherein they matures and reproduce

Question 4

characteristics of female anopheles mosquito

Answer 4

night biting ( 9pm-3am)
high flying
free flowing water
rural areas

Question 5

what is malarial cachexia

Answer 5

a general state of weakness that occurs as a result of a long-term chronic malarial infection

Question 6

malarial cachexia is characterised by

Answer 6

jaundice
anemia
splenomegaly
hepatomegaly
emaciation

Question 7

happens on the 3rd day d/t rupture of erythrocytes

Answer 7

malarial cachexia

Question 8

MOT of malaria

Answer 8

vector borne/ bite of female anopheles mosquito

Question 9

incubation period of malaria

Answer 9

10-12 days

Question 10

s/sx of malaria

cold stage

Answer 10

shivering
chills
chatter teeth

Question 11

s/sx of malaria

hot stage

Answer 11

fever 40C or 104F
reddened eyes and skin
warm to touch

Question 12

s/sx of malaria

wet stage

Answer 12

diaphoresis —- prone to dehydration

Question 13

the s/sx of malaria happens??

Answer 13

• every 2 days if VIVAX , OVALE
• every 3 days if FALCIPARUM, MALARIAE

Question 14

the s/sx happens one after the other called??

Answer 14

paroxysm

Question 15

diagnostic test for malaria

Answer 15

peripheral blood smear

Question 16

2 types of peripheral blood smear

Answer 16

thick peripheral blood smear
thin peripheral blood smear

Question 17

when do peripheral blood smear taken?

Answer 17

blood sample will be taken at the height of fever (3rd day)

Question 18

discuss thick peripheral blood smear

Answer 18

• quantitative data
• concerned with the number of parasites in the blood of an infected person

Question 19

discuss thin peripheral blood smear

Answer 19

• qualitative data
• determines exact parasite/ protozoan present in the blood

Question 20

what are the recommended antimalaria drugs

Answer 20

chloroquine
quinine
sulfadoxine
tetracycline
artemisin
mefloquine

Question 21

DOC for drug resistance

Answer 21

sulfadoxine ( plasmodium falciparum)

Question 22

for better effectiveness of sulfadoxine, what drug is to combine??

Answer 22

pyrimethanine

Question 23

chloroquine (aralen)

Answer 23

o 250 mgs
o Visiting to area where there is malaria, you can take this 1-2 week before
o Safe to take during pregnancy

Question 24

quinine

Answer 24

o 300 mg
o Given during Emergency situations
o WOF: neurologic toxicity (disorientation, confusion, muscle weakness and worst are convulsions/seizures and coma)

Question 25

Tetracycline

Answer 25

Teratogenic (take with straw = permanent straining)

Question 26

management for malaria

Answer 26

1. TSB and antipyretics
2. Increase fluid intake (3-4L per day)
3. Monitor V/S and signs of bleeding
4. Monitor fluid and electrolyte balance
5. Maintain bed rest until the fever and other symptoms have ceased
6. Encourage iron-rich, Vit C

Question 27

PREVENTION!! (malaria)(enumerate all)

Answer 27

• on stream cleaning of vegetation
• larvivorous fish propagation: construction of bioponds
• 2-4 fish/sqm for immediate impact
• 200-400 fish/ha: delayed effect
• avoid peak biting hours: 9pm-3am
• Zoo prophylaxis: the typing of domestic animals
• planting of neem tree and other herbal plants
• long sleeves
• mosquito nets
• mosquito repellants

Question 28

PREVENTION!! (malaria)(enumerate all)

Answer 28

• on stream cleaning of vegetation
• larvivorous fish propagation: construction of bioponds
• 2-4 fish/sqm for immediate impact
• 200-400 fish/ha: delayed effect
• avoid peak biting hours: 9pm-3am
• Zoo prophylaxis: the typing of domestic animals
• planting of neem tree and other herbal plants
• long sleeves
• mosquito nets
• mosquito repellants