malaria Flashcards
what is malaria
caused by female anopheles mosquito
causative agents of malaria
PARASITES!!!
- plasmodium falciparum (most malignant/drug resistance)
- plasmodium malariae
- plasmodium vivax
- plasmodium ovale
- plasmodium knowleSI
where is the target organ of these causative agents of malaria?
liver —- wherein they matures and reproduce
characteristics of female anopheles mosquito
night biting ( 9pm-3am)
high flying
free flowing water
rural areas
what is malarial cachexia
a general state of weakness that occurs as a result of a long-term chronic malarial infection
malarial cachexia is characterised by
jaundice
anemia
splenomegaly
hepatomegaly
emaciation
happens on the 3rd day d/t rupture of erythrocytes
malarial cachexia
MOT of malaria
vector borne/ bite of female anopheles mosquito
incubation period of malaria
10-12 days
s/sx of malaria
cold stage
shivering
chills
chatter teeth
s/sx of malaria
hot stage
fever 40C or 104F
reddened eyes and skin
warm to touch
s/sx of malaria
wet stage
diaphoresis —- prone to dehydration
the s/sx of malaria happens??
- every 2 days if VIVAX , OVALE
- every 3 days if FALCIPARUM, MALARIAE
the s/sx happens one after the other called??
paroxysm
diagnostic test for malaria
peripheral blood smear
2 types of peripheral blood smear
thick peripheral blood smear
thin peripheral blood smear
when do peripheral blood smear taken?
blood sample will be taken at the height of fever (3rd day)
discuss thick peripheral blood smear
- quantitative data
- concerned with the number of parasites in the blood of an infected person
discuss thin peripheral blood smear
- qualitative data
- determines exact parasite/ protozoan present in the blood
what are the recommended antimalaria drugs
chloroquine
quinine
sulfadoxine
tetracycline
artemisin
mefloquine
DOC for drug resistance
sulfadoxine ( plasmodium falciparum)
for better effectiveness of sulfadoxine, what drug is to combine??
pyrimethanine
chloroquine (aralen)
o 250 mgs
o Visiting to area where there is malaria, you can take this 1-2 week before
o Safe to take during pregnancy
quinine
o 300 mg
o Given during Emergency situations
o WOF: neurologic toxicity (disorientation, confusion, muscle weakness and worst are convulsions/seizures and coma)
