Making monoclonal antibodies Flashcards
What are monoclonal antibodies?
Monoclonal antibodies are a form of medical treatment, where proteins are produced to target particular cells or chemicals in the body.
What are lymphocytes?
Lymphocytes are white blood cells that make antibodies but cannot divide.
What are tumour cells?
Tumour cells are cells that divide and replicate rapidly, but do not produce antibodies.
What are hybridomas?
Hybridomas are cells artificially made by combining lymphocytes with tumour cells, to create a cell that can replicate rapidly and produce massive amounts of antibodies.
How are monoclonal antibodies used?
The monoclonal antibodies are specific to one antigen, and as a result one kind of cell.
How do pregnancy tests work?
HCG is carried with the urine of pregnant people, and binds with the monoclonal antibodies at the end of the pregnancy test, carrying them to the blue strip where it can be recoloured to show that you are pregnant.
How do pregnancy tests work?
HCG is carried with the urine of pregnant people, and binds with the monoclonal antibodies at the end of the pregnancy test, carrying them to the blue strip where it can be recoloured to show that you are pregnant.
How are monoclonal antibodies used to treat disease?
They bind with specific antigens found on pathogens or blood clots on cancers, carrying markers that are easy for doctors to locate.
How are monoclonal antibodies used in measuring and monitoring?
They can be used in a similar way as they are to diagnose by marking specific cells that are being measured or monitored.
How are monoclonal antibodies used for research?
Scientists can produce monoclonal antibodies linked to a molecule of fluorescent die, which then builds up in specific cells based on the antibodies produced.
