Cell Division Flashcards
How is information stored in cells?
Each of your cells have a nucleus that contains chromosomes, that carry small packets of information called genes that control a characteristic of your body. You have 46 chromosomes in each nucleus, arranged in 23 pairs with one from each biological parent.
What is the first stage of the cell cycle?
The cells grow bigger, and create two copies of each chromosome ready for cell division as well as increasing the amount of sub-cellular structures.
What is the second stage of the cell cycle?
Mitosis is the second stage of the cell cycle. It is the process in which one set of chromosomes and the split nucleus is pulled to the end of the dividing cell as it splits.
What is the third stage of the cell cycle?
The third stage of the cell cycle is where the cytoplasm and cell membranes divide to form two identical daughter cells.
What is a stem cell?
A stem cell is a cell that is yet to specialise.
What’s special about differentiation in plant cells?
Plant cells don’t differentiate permanently, and can change at any point in their life cycle.
How can plants be cloned?
Plants can be cloned from separate cells, as they can become unspecialised and undergo mitosis multiple times. The new plant will be identical to the origional.
What are embryonic stem cells?
Embryonic stem cells are the inner cells of the original embryo, that differentiate to form all the specialised cells of the body.
What are adult stem cells?
An undifferentiated cell of an organism that can make many more of the same type.
What might treatment with stem cells be able to accomplish?
They may be able to replace damaged specialised cells and fix conditions such as paralysis and diabetes.
