Main Concepts - Biochem

Question 1

Monosaccharide

Answer 1

Chain a-ring or b-ring
- Energy source
- Fructose, glucose, galactose

Question 2

Disaccharide

Answer 2

2 monomer subunits
- Energy source
- Sucrose, maltose, lactose

Question 3

Polysaccharide

Answer 3

Very long chain or branching chain with a- or b- linkages
- Energy source
- Starch/cellulose
- Structural support, cell communication

Question 4

Structural polysaccharides

Answer 4

Cellulose/chitin

Question 5

Polysaccharides

Answer 5

Starch, cellulose, glycogen

Question 6

Lipid Functions

Answer 6

Stored by cells (energy source), hormones (regulate cell activities as vitamins)

Question 7

Lipid Categories

Answer 7

Fatty acids, fats, phospholipids, steroids, waxes

Question 8

FA

Answer 8

Carboxyl group linked to hydrocarbon chain
- Cell. functions/energy storage

Question 9

Fat

Answer 9

3 FA chains linked to glycerol
- Energy storage/insulation

Question 10

Phospholipid

Answer 10

2 FA chains & phosphate group linked to glycerol molecule

Question 11

Steroid

Answer 11

4-carbon rings,
- Hormones

Question 12

Wax

Answer 12

Long FA chains, linked to alcohol or carbon ring
- Water resistance and protection
- wax coating

Question 13

Lipid functions

Answer 13

Forms cell membranes, energy source, hormones, waterproofing/insulation, cushioning

Question 14

Carbs/lipids

Answer 14

Store, transfer, and release energy

Question 15

Nucleic acids

Answer 15

Inherited chemical info. stored/translated into proteins

Question 15

Protein function; structural

Answer 15

Provides framework of support
- Hair, tendons, ligaments

Question 16

Protein function; defensive

Answer 16

Fights infections
- Anti-bodies

Question 17

Protein function; signals

Answer 17

Carries msgs
- hormones

Question 18

Protein function; carrier

Answer 18

Transports materials
- HB (carries O2)

Question 19

Protein function; Recognition/receptor

Answer 19

Cellular markers
- Major histocompatibility complex

Question 20

Protein function; enzyme

Answer 20

Rxn catalyst
- Amylase

Question 21

Protein function; motile

Answer 21

movement: actin/myosin

Question 22

Protein secondary structure

Answer 22

Beta-pleated sheets; zig-zag pattern
Alpha helix; Spiral pattern

Question 23

Lipase

Answer 23

Speeds up hydrolysis of lipid triglycerides

Question 24

Sucrase

Answer 24

Speeds up hydrolysis of sucrose in glucose/fructose

Question 25

-ase

Answer 25

Enzyme

Question 26

-ose

Answer 26

Sugar

Question 27

Factors affecting enzyme activity

Answer 27

• Enzyme/substrate concentration (Enzyme= Limiting Reagent)
• increasing substrate, concentration increases reaction rate to a point called; saturation level. Reaction rate is proportional to enzyme concentration
• Temp
• pH

Question 28

Allosteric regulatory molecules

Answer 28

Molecules, regulate cell and enzyme activity: behave like a NON-COMPETITIVE REVERSIBLE INHIBITOR. Regulatory molecules bind to enzyme on a site called: ALLOSTERIC SITE, it causes change and enzyme shape, affecting active site

Question 29

Pepsin

Answer 29

Protein digesting enzyme in stomach

Question 30

Trypsin

Answer 30

Protein digesting enzyme in intestine (ph=8)

Question 31

Lysosome functions

Answer 31

Fighting diseases, digestion, recycling old cell parts, and killing the cell

Question 32

Membrane protein functions (4)

Answer 32

Transport, enzymatic activity, triggering signals, attachment/recognition of moleculs

Question 33

Glycolipid

Answer 33

carb + lipid

Question 33

Glycoprotein

Answer 33

Carb + protein

Question 34

Dynamic nature of lipid bilayer dependent on how densely individual lipid molecules pack together; dependent on 2 factors

Answer 34

1) COMPOSITION of lipid molecules that make up membrane/temp

2) STEROLS influence membrane fluidity