10.5 Steroids

Question 1

Steroids

Answer 1

Refers to a class of lipids that includes cholesterol and its
derivatives

Question 4

Natural Steroid Hormones

Answer 4

• Recall that steroid hormones pass through cell membrane and
  attach to receptor molecules inside of the cell
• This receptor-hormone complex diffuses into the nucleus and
  binds to a regulatory sequence adjacent to the gene whose
  expression is controlled by the hormone
• The binding activates transcription

Question 5

Testosterone -

Answer 5

Steroid that increases muscle mass

Question 5

Aldosterone –

Answer 5

Produced in the adrenal glands during times of
stress

Question 6

Estrogens and Progestins – in females

Answer 6

– trigger female sexual
development and control reproductive cycle

Question 7

Cortisol

Answer 7

Produced by adrenal gland and raises blood glucose
levels

Question 8

Synthetic Steroids

Answer 8

Chemicals that have been designed to mimic the actions of natural hormones.
- Ex – anabolic steroids mimic muscle building characteristics of testosterone

Question 9

Many synthetic steroids are produced for legitimate medical
purposes

Answer 9

Ex – transplant patients to suppress the immune system to
reduce organ rejection; reduce inflammation in patientsafflicted with arthritis, asthma, and lupus

Question 10

prednisone

Answer 10

Lupus and organ transplantation

Question 11

beclomethasone

Answer 11

asthma

Question 12

dexamethasone

Answer 12

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 13

hydrocortisone

Answer 13

Inflammatory skin disorders

Question 14

Performance Enhancement in Sports

Answer 14

• Small percentage of athletes willing to risk health to gain
  competitive advantage
• Most common way is by using anabolic steroids to increases
  muscle mass

Question 15

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 15

Is a protein hormone that can stimulate
red blood cell production (increases oxygen uptake by cells
thereby increasing endurance and energy)

Question 16

Side Effects

Answer 16

• Anabolic steroids: Acne, bad breath, high BP, liver disease, cancer
• For men, reduce testes size, enlarge breasts
• For women, Irregular cycles, growth of facial hair
• Some steroids alter moods, “roid rage”, anxiety, depression, paranoia, addiction