4.1 Cellular respiration & Fermentation

Question 1

Aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 1

A process that uses oxygen to harvest energy from organic compounds

Question 2

Obligate aerobe

Answer 2

An organism that can’t live without oxygen

Question 3

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 3

The formation of ATP by the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP

Question 4

Glycolysis

Answer 4

A series of rxns in which a glucose molecule is broken into two pyruvate molecules and energy is released

Question 5

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 5

A process that forms ATP using energy transferred indirectly from a series of redox rxns

Question 6

Pyruvate oxidation

Answer 6

A rxn in which pyruvate is oxidizes by NAD+ and CO2 is removed, forming an acetyl group and releasing NADH

Question 7

Citric acid cycle

Answer 7

A cyclic series of rxns that transfers energy from organic molecules to ATP, NADH, and FADH2 and releases carbon atoms as CO2

Question 8

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 8

A process that uses a final inorganic oxidizing agent, other than oxygen, to produce energy

Question 9

Fermentation

Answer 9

A process that uses an organic compound as the final oxidizing agent to produce energy

Question 10

Obligate anaerobe

Answer 10

An organism that can’t survive in the presence of oxygen

Question 11

Facultative anaerobe

Answer 11

An organism that can live with or without oxygen

Question 12

Aerobic Cellular Respiration:

Answer 12

A process that
uses oxygen to harvest energy from organic
compounds

Question 13

Cell. resp.

Answer 13

• Process that extracts energy from food
• Used to make ATP
• Takes place in most Eukaryotes and some
  prokaryotes

Question 14

Glycolysis:

Answer 14

Splits glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules and
releases energy (used to make ATP)

Question 15

Pyruvate Oxidation:

Answer 15

Pyruvate is oxidized to form Acetyl
CoA

Question 16

Citric Acid Cycle:

Answer 16

A cycle of reactions that produces ATP and energy carrier molecules

Question 17

Electron Transport Chain/Oxidative Phosphorylation:

Answer 17

Uses energy carrier molecules to make ATP

Question 18

Mitochondria:

Answer 18

Cell organelle involved in the production of ATP

Question 19

___ and _____ __________
take place within
the inner
membrane

Answer 19

ETC and Oxidative
Phosphorylation

Question 20

_____ _____ ___ ______ ______ take
place within the Matrix
(fluid inside inner
membrane)

Answer 20

Citric Acid Cycle and
Pyruvate Oxidation

Question 21

What about Anaerobic Pathways?

Answer 21

Energy can also be extracted from food
molecules using Anaerobic Respiration

Question 22

Anaerobic Respiration:

Answer 22

Harvesting energy from
food molecules without using oxygen

• Use other molecules as oxidizing agents
• Produce less energy
• Ex. Alcohol Fermentation, yeast feed on sugar
  molecules and produce ethanol as a by-product

Question 23

Glycolysis Overview

Answer 23

Occurs in Cytosol (cytoplasm)

• Splits 1 Glucose Molecule into 2 Pyruvate
  Molecules
• Produces 2 ATP
• Produces 2 NADH (energy carrier molecule)