4.1 Cellular respiration & Fermentation Flashcards
Aerobic cellular respiration
A process that uses oxygen to harvest energy from organic compounds
Obligate aerobe
An organism that can’t live without oxygen
Substrate-level phosphorylation
The formation of ATP by the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP
Glycolysis
A series of rxns in which a glucose molecule is broken into two pyruvate molecules and energy is released
Oxidative phosphorylation
A process that forms ATP using energy transferred indirectly from a series of redox rxns
Pyruvate oxidation
A rxn in which pyruvate is oxidizes by NAD+ and CO2 is removed, forming an acetyl group and releasing NADH
Citric acid cycle
A cyclic series of rxns that transfers energy from organic molecules to ATP, NADH, and FADH2 and releases carbon atoms as CO2
Anaerobic respiration
A process that uses a final inorganic oxidizing agent, other than oxygen, to produce energy
Fermentation
A process that uses an organic compound as the final oxidizing agent to produce energy
Obligate anaerobe
An organism that can’t survive in the presence of oxygen
Facultative anaerobe
An organism that can live with or without oxygen
Aerobic Cellular Respiration:
A process that
uses oxygen to harvest energy from organic
compounds
Cell. resp.
- Process that extracts energy from food
- Used to make ATP
- Takes place in most Eukaryotes and some
prokaryotes
Glycolysis:
Splits glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules and
releases energy (used to make ATP)
Pyruvate Oxidation:
Pyruvate is oxidized to form Acetyl
CoA
Citric Acid Cycle:
A cycle of reactions that produces ATP and energy carrier molecules
Electron Transport Chain/Oxidative Phosphorylation:
Uses energy carrier molecules to make ATP
Mitochondria:
Cell organelle involved in the production of ATP
___ and _____ __________
take place within
the inner
membrane
ETC and Oxidative
Phosphorylation
_____ _____ ___ ______ ______ take
place within the Matrix
(fluid inside inner
membrane)
Citric Acid Cycle and
Pyruvate Oxidation
What about Anaerobic Pathways?
Energy can also be extracted from food
molecules using Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration:
Harvesting energy from
food molecules without using oxygen
- Use other molecules as oxidizing agents
- Produce less energy
- Ex. Alcohol Fermentation, yeast feed on sugar
molecules and produce ethanol as a by-product
Glycolysis Overview
Occurs in Cytosol (cytoplasm)
- Splits 1 Glucose Molecule into 2 Pyruvate
Molecules - Produces 2 ATP
- Produces 2 NADH (energy carrier molecule)
