5.1 Intro to Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Photoautotroph

A

An organism that makes its own food using energy from the Sun

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2
Q

Light-dependent rxns

A

First stage of photosynthesis, during which water molecules are split as light energy is absorbed/transformed into chemical energy in ATP and NADPH

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3
Q

Calvin cycle

A

2nd stage of photosynthesis process that uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugars

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4
Q

Primary e- transfer

A

A molecule capable of accepting electrons and becoming reduced during photosynthesis

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5
Q

Antenna complex

A

Cluster of light-absorbing pigments embedded in the thylakoid membrane able to capture and transfer energy to special chlorophyll a molecules in the rxn center

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6
Q

Rxn center

A

a complex of proteins and pigments that contains the primary e- acceptor

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7
Q

Action spectrum

A

A plot of the effectiveness of light energy of different wavelengths in driving a chemical process

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7
Q

Photosystem l

A

A collection of pigment proteins that includes chlorophyll a and absorbs light at the 700nm wavelength

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7
Q

Photosystem ll

A

A collection of pigment proteins that includes chlorophyll a and absorbs light at the 680 nm wavelength

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8
Q

Photoautotroph

A

An organism that makes its own food using sunlight energy

  • Plants convert sunlight energy into chemical energy in the form of sugar
  • Plants can then convert sugars into other cellular parts or into ATP
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9
Q

Light-dependent rxns

A
  • First stage of photosynthesis which requires light
  • Splits water molecule
  • Absorbs light energy
  • ATP/NADPH are generated
  • Chlorophyll used to capture light energy
  • Occurs in chloroplast
  • NADPH - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
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9
Q

Overall photosynthesis formula

A

CO2 + H20 –> C6H12O6 + O2
- Rxn is the reverse of cellular respiration

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10
Q

Calvin cycle (Light-dependent rxns)

A

Calvin cycle - 2nd stage of photosynthesis that doesn’t require light
* Uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 into sugars
* Can also convert fixed carbon into other molecules

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11
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Plant cell organelle that’s the site of photosynthesis
- Contains 3 membranes
- Contains chlorophyll

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12
Q

Stroma

A

Fluid surrounds thylakoids

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13
Q

Thylakoid

A

Pancake-shaped membranes inside chloroplast (site of light absorption, e- transfer, ATP synthesis)

14
Q

Capturing light energy

A

Absorption of a photon by chlorophyll (pigment molecule) excites an e-
- The “excited” e- moves to a higher energy level
- As the e- falls back down towards the nucleus it releases energy
- The e- may also be transferred to an energy carrier molecule

15
Q

What have we learned so far?

A

1) Energy from e- can be transferred from 1 atom to the next
2) High energy e- can be transferred to other molecules
- These e- can then be used to power rxns

16
Q

Chlorophylls

A

Photosynthetic pigments found in plants

17
Q

Chlorophyll a

A

Accepts energy from other pigments and transfers e- to Primary e- acceptors

18
Q

Chlorophyll b

A

Transfers energy to chlorophyll a

19
Q

Carotenoids

A

Other plant pigments which transfer energy to chlorophyll molecules

20
Q

Antenna complex

A

A cluster of light absorbing pigments in the thylakoid membrane
- Captures/transfers light energy to chlorophyll a
- Chlorophyll a then transfers an e- to the primary e- acceptor

21
Q

Absorption Spectrum

A

The amount of light energy that a substance absorbs

22
Chlorophyll a
Absorbs blue and red light
23
Chlorophyll b
Absorbs blue-green and orange light
24
Carotenoids
Absorbs purple to green light
25
Pigments and photosystems
Pigments are bound to other molecules in the thylakoid membrane which are collectively called photosystems
26
Photosystem l
The collection of pigment molecules/chlorophyll a absorbs light at the 700nm wavelength
27
Photosystem ll
Collection of pigment molecules/chlorophyll a that absorbs light at the 680 nm wavelength