M8 - Lymphatic System

Question 1

Lymphatic system functions

Answer 1

Maintains normal blood volume and interstitial fluid composition, provide alternative routes for hormones, nutrients, waste, lymphocyte production, immune response

Question 2

Primary lymphatic structures

Answer 2

Thymus, red bone marrow

Question 3

Secondary lymphatic structures

Answer 3

Tonsils, lymphoid nodules: lymph nodes, spleen, MALT - appendix, aggregated nodules

Question 4

Lymphatic capillaries

Answer 4

Close ended tubes interspersed around blood capillary beds, smallest of lymphatic vessels, minivalves in clefts between cells, irregular outline, anchoring filaments connecting to surrounding CT, v permeable

Question 5

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 5

3 tunics, difficult to distinguish tunics, widest lumen, thinnest wall thickness (permeability), contain more valves than veins

Question 6

Lymph movement

Answer 6

Lymphatic capillaries –> vessels –> trunks –> ducts

Question 7

Right lymphatic duct

Answer 7

Right clavicle, returns lymph from R side of head, neck, upper limb, thorax

Question 8

Thoracic duct

Answer 8

Inferior to diaphragm, cisterna chyli, collects lymph from most of body

Question 9

T cells

Answer 9

Thymus, cell mediated immunity - cell killers

Question 10

B cells

Answer 10

Bone marrow, antibodies

Question 11

NK cells

Answer 11

Natural killer, viruses and cancer

Question 12

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

Answer 12

Lymphocytes loosely aggregated within CT, mucous membrane of respiratory, urinary, CT tracts

Question 13

Lymphatic nodules

Answer 13

Lymphocytes aggregated within supporting framework of reticular fibers, germinal center that contains lymphocytes

Question 14

Tonsils

Answer 14

Lymphatic nodule, crips - space where bacteria can enter deep and then destroyed by lymphocytes

Question 15

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

Answer 15

In epithelia of digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems, aggregated lymphoid nodules, appendix

Question 16

Lymph nodes

Answer 16

Cleanse lymph

Question 17

Afferent lymphatic vessels

Answer 17

Carry unfiltered lymph into lymph node

Question 18

Efferent lymphatic vessels

Answer 18

Carry filtered lymph away from lymph node

Question 19

Outer fibrous capsule

Answer 19

Ensures none of pathogens make way out, lymphatic fluid goes thru node and gets cleansed

Question 20

Sinusoidal system

Answer 20

Exchange between lymphatic fluid and cellular debris and cells

Question 21

Thymus

Answer 21

T cell maturation, superior to heart and deep to sternum, provides environment to ensure T cells know self from foreign

Question 22

Spleen

Answer 22

Upper left quadrant, highly vascularized, red pulp 80%: erythrocytes, platelets, macrophages, plasma, white pulp: lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes, macrophages

Question 23

Lymphedema

Answer 23

Accumulation of interstitial fluid, vascular capillaries depositing more than can suck up, caused by damage to lymphatic capillaries

Question 24

Lymph nodes + metastasis

Answer 24

Cancer cells can become lodged in lymph nodes, lymphoma, drain to other parts causing metastasis