M2 - Muscle Tissue

Question 1

Cardiac muscle (myocyte shape)

Answer 1

Small, short, branched

Question 2

Smooth muscle (myocyte shape)

Answer 2

Small, spindle shaped, wide in middle + tapered on end

Question 3

Skeletal muscle (myocyte shape)

Answer 3

Large, long, cylindrical

Question 4

Which muscle groups have striations

Answer 4

Skeletal & cardiac

Question 5

Which muscle groups have voluntary movements? Involuntary?

Answer 5

Voluntary - skeletal
Involuntary - smooth & cardiac

Question 6

Skeletal muscle (location)

Answer 6

Muscles acting on limbs & trunk, muscles of facial expression, external sphincters regulating passage out of body

Question 7

Smooth muscle (location)

Answer 7

Walls of many internal organs and passageways

Question 8

Cardiac muscle (location)

Answer 8

Heart wall

Question 9

Skeletal muscle (fxn)

Answer 9

Movement or stabilization of skeleton; guard entrances/exits for digestive, respiratory, urinary systems; heart production; protects internal organs

Question 10

Smooth muscle (fxn)

Answer 10

Move food, urine, reproductive secretions thru systems; control diameter of blood vessels and respiratory tracts

Question 11

Cardiac muscle (fxn)

Answer 11

Circulate blood

Question 12

Cardiac muscle has this one special feature

Answer 12

Connected by intercalated discs w gap junctions

Question 13

Which muscle groups are NOT capable of cell division to produce more muscle cells?

Answer 13

Not - Skeletal & cardiac
Is - Smooth

Question 14

Endomysium

Answer 14

CT that surround muscle fibers

Question 15

Fascicle

Answer 15

Fiber and endomysium bundled together

Question 16

Perimysium

Answer 16

CT that surround fascicles

Question 17

Epimysium

Answer 17

CT that surround skeletal muscle

Question 18

Muscle fiber

Answer 18

Muscle cell, long and cylindrical, span entire length of muscle

Question 19

Myofibrils

Answer 19

Cylindrical structures extending the entire length of muscle fiber

Question 20

Myofilaments

Answer 20

Actin and myosin proteins organized into repetitive groupings, results in striations

Question 21

Sarcomeres

Answer 21

Fxnal unit of skeletal muscle tissue; each individual sarcomere can contract, actin and myosin overlap and shorten sarcomere, when many sarcomeres shorten the entire muscle shortens

Question 22

Tendons

Answer 22

Dense regular CT formed by merging all of CT layers surrounding muscle - epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

Question 23

Sharpey’s fibers

Answer 23

Collagen fibers penetrating deep into cortical bone (outer layer of bones), anchors tendon to bone @ muscle origin and insertion pts

Question 24

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 24

Where motor neuron meets the muscle fiber

Question 25

Motor neuron

Answer 25

Nerve cell carrying electrical impulse to skeletal muscle to cause muscle to contract

Question 26

Motor unit

Answer 26

Single motor neuron and muscle fiber it controls

Question 27

All or none principle

Answer 27

All muscle fibers in a motor unit contacts completely if the motor neuron is innervated

Question 28

Relationship between # of muscle fibers in motor unit and degree of control

Answer 28

The larger the motor unit, the more fibers contract at once, leading to large movement but less precise (ie shoulder)
Vice versa (ie hands and eyes)

Question 29

Slow oxidative (SO) fibers

Answer 29

Aerobic, endurance, ie postural muscles

Question 30

Fast glycolytic (FG) fibers

Answer 30

Anaerobic, glycogen broken down in glucose for fuel for muscle, instantaneous power, ie quads

Question 31

Muscle atrophy

Answer 31

Reduction of muscle size, tone, power

Question 32

Muscle hypertrophy

Answer 32

Myofibrils and myofilaments increase in #, resulting in muscle size incr

Question 33

Parallel fascicle

Answer 33

All fibers lined up in one direction, flat, ie biceps brachii and rectus abdominus

Question 34

Convergent fascicle

Answer 34

Fibers fanned out @ origin and converge onto one common tendon, ie pectoralis major

Question 35

Pennate fascicle

Answer 35

Fibers merge w tendon @ an angle, gives muscle a larger cross sectional area = more force can be produced

Question 36

Unipennate

Answer 36

Meet w tendon @ one angle

Question 37

Bipennate

Answer 37

Meet w tendon @ two angles

Question 38

Multipennate

Answer 38

Meet w tendon @ multiple angles

Question 39

Circular fascicle

Answer 39

Make a circle, ie sphincters - when they contract, something closes