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ANAT 337 > M2 - Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

M2 - Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Collection of cell bodies - CNS

A

center, nucleus (nuclei)

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2
Q

Collection of cell bodies - PNS

A

ganglion (ganglia)

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3
Q

Collection of axons traveling to common destination - CNS

A

tract, column

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4
Q

Collection of axons traveling to common destination - PNS

A

nerve

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5
Q

Endoneurium

A

CT around each axon

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6
Q

Perineurium

A

CT around individual fascicles (small groups of axons)

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7
Q

Epineurium

A

CT around entire nerved

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8
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive electrical signals

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9
Q

Cell body

A

Processing

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10
Q

Axon

A

Conduct signal away from cell body

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11
Q

Axon terminal

A

Communicates w next neuron

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12
Q

Presynaptic (preganglionic)

A

First neuron in pathway

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13
Q

Postsynaptic (postganglionic)

A

Receives info from presynaptic neuron

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14
Q

Bipolar neurons

A

Dendrites merge together to form a single dendrite, single dendrite travels to cell body, axon carries info away from cell body; rare; found in olfactory system and retina

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15
Q

Pseudounipolar neurons

A

Cell body looks like it’s hanging off axon, dendrites converge, meet single axon early in neuron’s pathway, long axon extends toward target; sense of touch from PNS to CNS

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16
Q

Mutipolar neurons

A

Most common, dendrites surround cell body, cell body sends signal thru one axon to target

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17
Q

Convergence

A

Many neurons synapse on single postsynaptic neuron - allows for signal to be amplified

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18
Q

Nervous system (communication)

A

Neurotransmitters released into synaptic cleft

19
Q

Divergence

A

One presynaptic neuron is synapsing w multiple other neurons - message sent to multiple areas so dif areas know what is happening @ same time

20
Q

Endocrine system (communication)

A

Hormones released into the blood

21
Q

Nervous system (target)

A

Other neurons, muscle cells, glandsE

22
Q

Endocrine system (target)

A

Any cell in body with a receptor for that hormone

23
Q

Nervous system (response time + duration)

A

Rapid time
Short duration (milliseconds)

24
Q

Endocrine system (response time + duration)

A

Slow time
Long duration (minutes to days to weeks)

25
Q

Nervous system (range of effect)

A

Localized, specific effects

26
Q

Endocrine system (range of effect)

A

Widespread effects throughout body

27
Q

Neuron

A

Electrical signals, life for lifetime, don’t divide, high metabolic rate, most cell bodies in CNS

28
Q

Glial cells

A

Provide protection, insulation, nourishment for neurons, can divide, more abundant than neurons

29
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Facilitates transmission of electrical signals along axon; the thicker the myelin layer, the faster the conduction speed

30
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

Gaps in myelin, assist w speed of conduction along an axon

31
Q

Schwann cells

A

In PNS:
Myelinated axon - wrap itself around axon in layers, only one part of one axon at a time
Unmyelinated axon - just surrounds axons

32
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Myelinate axons in CNS, part of oligodendrocyte wraps around axon in layers, can send branches of itself to myelinate several parts of axon

33
Q

Microglia

A

Patrol brain and spinal cord, send out processes that monitor environment, look for pathogens and damage, engulf foreign substances/damaged tissue, clean up area

34
Q

Astrocytes

A

star-shaped, form blood-brain barrier, hold things together, regulate environment around neurons, regulate inflammatory response to damage

35
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Filter blood, produce cerebrospinal fluid, secrete it into open spaces (ventricles) in CNS, cilia help move cerebrospinal fluid thru open spaces

36
Q

Satellite cells

A

In PNS
Surround cell bodies, isolating and protecting them from surrounding cells

37
Q

Wallerian degeneration

A

Injury to axon, part of axon distal to cell body breaks down

38
Q

Axon regeneration

A

Schwann cells line up along remaining endoneurium, form regeneration tube that guides axon back to target

39
Q

Afferent info

A

Going @ CNS, incoming sensory info

40
Q

Efferent info

A

Exiting motor info to muscle or gland

41
Q

General visceral sensory

A

Monitoring visceral output, sensing secretion of glands, generates visceral motor response based on input

42
Q

General somatic sensory

A

Sense of touch, pain, proprioception (sense of how muscles and joints moving and where body is in space)

43
Q

General visceral motor

A

Secretion of glands, contraction of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

44
Q

General somatic motor

A

Innervation of skeletal muscle, causes a voluntary movement

ANAT 337 (17 decks)

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