M7 - Blood

Question 1

Blood fxns

Answer 1

Transport, defense, maintenance of homeostasis

Question 2

Components of blood

Answer 2

Plasma - 55%, water, protein, nutrients
Buffy coat - 1%, leukocytes and platelets
Hematocrit - ~44%, erythrocytes

Question 3

Hematopoeisis

Answer 3

Production of blood cells, produced in liver and spleen before birth, produced in red bone marrow after

Question 4

Leukemia

Answer 4

Overproduction leads to non-functional cells, capacity for immune response is diminished

Question 5

Erythrocytes

Answer 5

4 hemes which binds to O2, 4 globins which contain iron atom and bind to CO2

Question 6

Thromobocytes

Answer 6

Platelets, clotting

Question 7

Leukocytes

Answer 7

White blood cels, defense

Question 8

Granulocytes

Answer 8

Contain granules, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

Question 9

Basophil

Answer 9

<1% WBC, inflammation, allergic rxns - release histamine and heparin, parasites

Question 10

Eosinophil

Answer 10

2-4%, immune modulators, parasites, allergic rxns, phagocytic

Question 11

Neutrophil

Answer 11

50-70% WBC, kill bacteria, phagocytic, bacterial infection

Question 12

Agranulocytes

Answer 12

Cells that lack granules, monocyte, lymphocyte

Question 13

Monocyte

Answer 13

2-8% of WBC, nonspecific immune response, bacterial and other infections, macrophages

Question 14

Lymphocyte

Answer 14

20-30% of WBC, primary cells of lymphatic sys, specific immunity, T, B, NK cells

Question 15

Blood type

Answer 15

Determined by surface antigen present on erythrocyte

Question 16

Type O

Answer 16

Absence of A and B antigens on RBC

Question 17

Donor compatibility

Answer 17

Determined by antibodies

Question 18

Type O

Answer 18

Universal donor (no antigens)

Question 19

Type AB+

Answer 19

Universal acceptor (all antibodies)

Question 20

Rh factor and pregnancy

Answer 20

Rh- mother, Rh+ baby, problem for second pregnancy because Rh+ antibodies destroy Rh+ RBCs

Question 21

Blood vessels

Answer 21

Arteries - thick walls w small lumens, appear rounded
Veins - thinner walls with big lumens, appear flat

Question 22

Tunica intima

Answer 22

Artery - wave endothelium, internal elastic membrane
Vein - smooth endothelium, absent internal elastic membrane

Question 23

Tunica media

Answer 23

Artery - thicket layer, full of smooth muscle and elastic fibers
Vein - thinner than tunica externa, smooth muscle and collagen fibers

Question 24

Tunica externa

Answer 24

Artery - thinner than tunica media, collagen and elastic fibers, contains nervi and vasa vasorium
Vein - thickest layer, collagen and some smooth muscle, contains nervi and vasa vasorium

Question 25

Blood pathway

Answer 25

Heart –> elastic artery –> muscular artery –> arteriole –> venule –> medium-sized vein –> large vein

Question 26

Capillary types

Answer 26

Continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid

Question 27

Continuous capillary

Answer 27

Most common, allow least amt of exchange

Question 28

Fenestrated

Answer 28

Bigger holes, allow more exchange

Question 29

Sinusoid

Answer 29

Like swiss cheese, allow most of exchange, incomplete basement membrane

Question 30

Capillary

Answer 30

Each capillary bed is fed by arteriole, precapillary sphincters regulate blood flow to tissues, comprised of smooth muscle

Question 31

How blood gets back to heart

Answer 31

Muscle pump, respiratory pump, valves

Question 32

Varicose veins

Answer 32

Blood pools in legs, nonfunctional valves

Question 33

Collateral circulation

Answer 33

Alternative pathways for delivering blood to region of body

Question 34

Blood artery pathway

Answer 34

Heart –> aorta –> artery –> arteriole –> capillary

Question 35

Blood vein pathway

Answer 35

Venule –> vein –> vena cava –> heart