M6 - Articulations Flashcards
Axial skeleton
Skull, spinal column, ribs
Appendicular
Upper and lower limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
Articulations
Where a bone meets another bone, cartilage, or teeth
Mobility vs stability
The more stable a joint, the more immobile it is, vice versa
Factors the influence joint stability
Articular surfaces - shape influences movement possible and stability
Ligaments - capsules and ligaments prevent excessive motions
Muscle tone - help stabilize joints by keeping tension on tendons
Synarthrosis
immobile joint, no joint cavity/capsule
Amphiarthrosis
Joint w limited mobility, no joint cavity/capsule
Diarthrosis
Freely mobile joints, articulating bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity
Joint cavity
Holds synovial fluid
Synovial joint general anatomy
Articular capsule, synovial membrane, joint cavity, articular cartilage, ligaments, nerves and blood vessels
Synovial joint accessories
Bursae, tendon sheaths, fat pads
Bursae
Sacs containing synovial fluid, reduce friction
Tendon sheaths
Elongated bursae around tendons, reduce friction
Fat pads
Fill in spaces, provide protection
Coronal plane
Separates front and back, paired w anteroposterior axis
Sagittal plane
Separates R and L, paired w transverse axis
Transverse plane
Separates top and bottom, paired w vertical axis
Inversion
Foot inwards towards midline
Eversion
Foot angled out
Opposition
Thumb to pinky
Reposition
Palms flat
Nonaxial
Gliding, eg plane joint
Uniaxial
Rotation or angular motion, eg pivot or hinge joint
Biaxial
Angular motion, eg saddle joint or condylar joint
Multiaxial
Rotation, angular motion, circumduction, eg ball and socket joint
Plane joint
Nonaxial, gliding
Hinge
Uniaxial, angular, one plane
Pivot
Uniaxial, rotation around long axis
Condylar
Biaxial, abduction, adduction, flexion, extension
Saddle
Biaxial, angular, rotation
Ball + socket
Multiaxial, movement in all axes
