M1 - Epithelial Tissue Flashcards
Apical surface
Side towards lumen
Basement membrane
Connected to basal layer, maintains structural integrity and connection that allows it to receive nutrients and oxygen
Basal lamina
Superficial layer that restricts movement of proteins and other large molecules into underlying CT
Reticular layer
Deep layer that anchors basement membrane to underlying CT
Tight junctions
Gatekeepers, helps materials absorb into cell rather than around them
Adhering junctions (adherons)
Support and stability, like a belt
Desmosomes
Support and stability, like snap buttons, allow for pulling in multiple directions
Gap junctions
Easy cell to cell comms, connect cells to allow substances and chem signals to travel between cells
Necrosis
Bad cell death due to pathology or damage
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death for aging/worn down cells to be replaced with healthy cells
Neoplasia
Abnormal proliferation
Carcinoma
malignant tumor of epithelia
Adenocarcinoma
Malignant tumor from glandular epithelial cells
Microvilli
Maximize surface area for absorption, transcellular transport
Transcellular transport
Absorb substance into cell, transport across cell, send it out basal membrane into underlying tissue
Cilia
Allows substances to move across surface
Surface parallel transport
Substances move across surface in parallel fashion
Metaplasia
Normal epithelia from one area replaced by another form of epithelia not typical for that region
Simple squamous
One layer; flat thin cells; for simple diffusion & filtration; lungs & around blood vessels
Simple cuboidal
One layer; equally sized; secretion and absorption not too thick; kidney glands
Simple columnar (nonciliated)
One layer; column shaped cells; secretion and absorption and protection; microvilli; digestive tract
Stratified squamous
Several layers; provide protection; skin
Pseudostratified columnar (ciliated)
One layer; several shapes and sizes makes it look like several layers; surface parallel transport and secretion of mucus and protection; goblet cells; respiratory tract
Transitional layer
Several layers; cells more flat towards apical layer; allows for expansion and stretching; bladder
Endocrine gland
Secrete hormones into bloodstream
Exocrine gland
Secretes products through ducts to epithelial surface
Goblet cells
Unicellular exocrine gland, produce mucin
Humoral secretion
The control of hormone release in response to changes in extracellular fluids such as blood or the ion concentration in the blood
Neural secretion
Nerve impulse causes a gland to secrete substance
Hormonal secretion
The release of hormones in response to hormones released by other endocrine glands
