M5 - Cartilage and Bone

Question 1

Perichondrium

Answer 1

Dense layer of irregular CT, fibrous outer layer, resists outward pressure

Question 2

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 2

Location - between tips of ribs and bones of sternum, covering bone surfaces @ synovial jts, supporting larynx, trachea, bronchi, nasal septum
Fxns - provides stiff but flexible support, reduces friction between bony surfaces

Question 3

Fibrocartilage

Answer 3

Location - pads (menisci) within knee jt, between pubic bones of pelvis, intervertebral discs
Fxns - resists compression, prevents bone to bone contact, limits relative movement

Question 4

Elastic cartilage

Answer 4

Locations - auricle of external ear, epiglottis, auditory canal, larynx
Fxn - support, distortion without damage, returns to og shape

Question 6

Periosteum

Answer 6

Outermost layer

Question 7

Osteogenic cells

Answer 7

Stem cells that grow and divide and differentiate

Question 7

Endosteum

Answer 7

Innermost layer

Question 8

Osteoblast

Answer 8

Build bone

Question 9

Osteocyte

Answer 9

Maintain and regulate long term maintenance of bone

Question 10

Osteoclast

Answer 10

Breakdown and reabsorb bone, help put calcium in bloodstream

Question 11

Compact bone

Answer 11

Outer portion, dense, compact, made of osteons

Question 12

Osteon

Answer 12

Fxnal unit of bone

Question 13

Lacunae

Answer 13

House osteocytes

Question 14

Canaliculi

Answer 14

Tiny canals that allow lacunae to connect and communicate w each other and to central canal

Question 15

Spongy bone

Answer 15

Made of trabeculae, lots of open gaps

Question 16

Bone functions

Answer 16

Support, movement, protection, mineral storage, hematopoiesis, energy metabolism

Question 17

Long bone

Answer 17

Femur

Question 18

Short bone

Answer 18

Cube, foot, hand

Question 19

Flat

Answer 19

Sternum

Question 20

Irregular

Answer 20

Vertebrae

Question 21

Sesamoid

Answer 21

In line w tendon, CT

Question 22

Pneumatized

Answer 22

Lots of air holes/gaps in it

Question 23

Epiphysis

Answer 23

End of bone, lots of red bone marrow

Question 24

Metaphysis

Answer 24

Middle, epiphyseal line (growth plate)

Question 25

Epiphyseal line (growth plate)

Answer 25

Line of cartilage that allows long growth of bone

Question 26

Diaphysis

Answer 26

Medullary cavity - yellow bone marrow

Question 27

Bone anatomy

Answer 27

Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage), compact bone on outside, spongy in inside, periosteum

Question 28

Periosteum

Answer 28

Outer coating wrapping around bone w osteogenic cells

Question 29

Major artery sets of bone

Answer 29

Nutrient, metaphyseal, epiphyseal, periosteal

Question 30

Medullary cavity

Answer 30

In diaphysis, yellow marrow, energy reserve

Question 30

Ossification

Answer 30

Osteogenesis, bone tissue formation

Question 31

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 31

Bones formed directly from membrane of CT, flat bones = skull, mandible, some facial bones, scapula, clavicle

Question 32

Endochondral ossification

Answer 32

Develop from hyaline cartilage, all bones except the ones formed in intramembranous

Question 33

Intramembranous ossification (process)

Answer 33

1. begins week 8
2. differentiation of osteoblasts within mesenchyme
3. secreted osteoid traps osteoblasts –> osteocytes, formation of trabecular matrix
4. entrapment of blood vessels
5. formation of spongy bone, compact bone on outside portions

Question 34

Endochondral ossification process

Answer 34

1. Model of hyaline cartilage week 8-12
2. Osteoblasts form from bony collar
3. artery penetrates into cartilage, first ossification center
4. osteoblasts form medullary cavity
5. secondary ossification center at epiphyseal ends
6. leaves behind epiphyseal plate

Question 35

Interstitial growth

Answer 35

Cartilage only, growth in middle = incr in length, chondrocytes within cartilage divide and secrete a new matrix

Question 36

Appositional growth

Answer 36

Bone and cartilage, growth on surface = incr in diameter