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ANAT 337 > M3 - Spinal Cord > Flashcards

M3 - Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Opening in middle of vertebrae posterior to vertebral body

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2
Q

Spinal cord

A

Located in vertebral foramen

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3
Q

Intervertebral foramina

A

On each side between 2 vertebrae, where spinal nerves are located

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4
Q

Superior vertebra

A

Forms roof of each foramen

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5
Q

Inferior vertebra

A

Forms floor of each foramen

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6
Q

Superior articular process

A

Articulates w L5

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7
Q

Ventral (anterior) foramina

A

Ventral rami of sacral spinal nerves

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8
Q

Dorsal (posterior) foramina

A

Dorsal rami of sacral spinal nerves

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9
Q

Sacrum

A

Above coccyx

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10
Q

Coccyx

A

Below sacrum

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11
Q

Meninges

A

Cover brain and spinal cord to protect and support them

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12
Q

Pia mater

A

V thin, innermost layer of meninges

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13
Q

Denticulate ligaments

A

Anchor spinal cord laterally

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14
Q

Filum terminale

A

Anchor spinal cord to coccyx

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15
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Middle layer, between arachnoid mater and pia mater is cerebrospinal fluid, lumbar punctures to remove CSF take from this region

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16
Q

Dura mater

A

Outermost layer, v thick and tough

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17
Q

White matter pathways

A

Columns that run vertically in anterior position

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18
Q

Posterior (dorsal column)

A

Contain cell bodies involved in processing incoming sensory info

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19
Q

Anterior (ventral) column

A

Contain cell bodies of somatic motor neurons

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20
Q

Lateral column

A

Contain cell bodies of visceral motor neurons, thoracic lvls only

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21
Q

Roots/rootlets

A

Branches closest to spinal cord

22
Q

Ventral root

A

Carries outgoing motor info only from anterior horn

23
Q

Dorsal root

A

Carries incoming sensory info to posterior horn

24
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

Contains cell bodies of pseudounipolar neurons that carry efferent sensory info to spinal cord

25
Q

Spinal nerve

A

Carries motor and nerve info

26
Q

Ventral ramus

A

Sends branches to limbs and anterior trunk wall

27
Q

Dorsal ramus

A

Sends info to posterior trunk wall or back

28
Q

Spinal cord

A

Shorter than vertebral column, forms cauda equina

29
Q

Anterior spinal artery

A

Single artery, supplies 2/3 of spinal cord

30
Q

Posterior spinal artery

A

2 arteries, supplies posterior 1/3 of spinal cord

31
Q

Sensory pathways

A

Sensory axons leave dorsal root ganglion in dorsal root, enter posterior horn; ascending

32
Q

3rd order neuron

A

Tracts that end in cerebral cortex, last step in pathway, travels from thalamus to pathway’s destination in cerebral cortex

33
Q

1st order neuron

A

First step in pathway, may originate in spinal cord or brainstem, synapses in either thalamus or cerebellum

34
Q

Spinocerebellar pathways (dorsal and ventral)

A

Fxn - proprioceptive and muscle sense info
Receptor - muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs
1st order neuron - DRG
2nd order - synapse @ lvl of entry to spinal cord, ascend ipsilaterally or decussate and cross back
Decussation - all info stays ipsilateral

35
Q

Dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway

A

Fxn - discriminative touch, light pressure, vibration, highly localized
Receptor - specialized receptors in skin
1st order neuron - DRG, fibers enter posterior horn of spinal cord and ascend uncrosses in dorsal columns
Decussation - brainstem

36
Q

Anterolateral (ALS) pathway (spinothalamic tracts)

A

Fxn - pain, temp, crude touch, deep pressure
Receptor - free nerve endings in skin
1st order neuron - DRG
2nd order - neurons in dorsal horn
Decussation - fibers cross midline at each spinal segment and ascend in anterolateral fasciculus

37
Q

Motor pathways

A

Anterior horns contain cell bodies of outgoing somatic motor neurons, axons from cell bodies leave spinal cord in ventral root

38
Q

Upper motor neuron

A

Cell body in cerebral cortex or brainstem nucleus, excites or inhibits activity of lower motor neuron, send motor info from primary motor cortex of brain to lower motor neurons in anterior horn of spinal cord

39
Q

Lower motor neuron

A

Cell body in anterior horn of spinal cord or brainstem cranial nerve nucleus, always excitatory, axon connects directly to skeletal muscle fibers, send motor info from spinal cord to skeletal muscles

40
Q

Corticospinal tracts

A

Fxn - execute and control voluntary motor activity
Decussation - 75-90% fibers cross midline at pyramidal decussation in brainstem
Lateral CST - mainly decussated fibers that project to interneurons or directly to lower motor neurons innervating limb muscles

41
Q

Subcorticospinal pathways

A

Motor pathways running from brainstem or cerebellum to spinal cord, help regulate and control pattern of somatic motor activity thru indirect pathways, can excite or inhibit LMNs, may modulate spinal reflexes, regulate muscle tone and posture, control orienting reflexes

42
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

Motor neuron disease, involves UMN and LMN, slow progression of weakness and atrophy w fasciculations

43
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Location - skeletal muscles (muscle spindles), tendons (golgi tendon organs), joints (free nerve endings)
Fxn - monitor tension, pressure, movement @ joint, send input on body movements to CNS, sense of body position w sensory info from internal ear

44
Q

Reflex arc

A

Rapid, automatic, involuntary rxns of muscles to stimulus
Includes - receptor, sensory neuron, integration area in spinal cord, motor neuron, muscle

45
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Both receptor and effector organs are on same side

46
Q

Contralateral

A

Sensory impulses from a receptor organ crossover thru spinal cord to activate effector organs on opposite limb

47
Q

Monosynaptic reflex

A

Involves just one synapse in reflex arc

48
Q

Muscle spindle + monosynaptic stretch reflex

A

When a stim results in stretching of a muscle, muscle reflexively contracts

49
Q

Golgi tendon reflex

A

Nerve impulses signal interneurons in spinal cord, inhibit actions of motor neurons, prevent from lifting too heavy of things

50
Q

Polysynaptic reflex

A

Painful stim, sensory info sent to spinal corde, interneurons receive sensory info, stim motor neurons to direct flexor muscles to contract, extensory muscles inhibited so body part is withdrawn

ANAT 337 (17 decks)

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