M4 L7

Question 1

killed vaccines

Answer 1

whole virus/bacteria is killed with use of heat or chemical

Question 2

advantage & disadvantage to killed vaccines

Answer 2

A:
- relatively safe (cannot replicate)
- longer shelf life b/c more it is more stable

D:
- proteins can be changed on the virus
- no cell mediated immunity (no cell mediated immunity)
- requires adjuvant

Question 3

adjuvant

Answer 3

slow release of antigen to activate antigen presenting cells
-> give boost to immune system

Question 4

3 things that adjuvants improve

Answer 4

1) more antigen presentation
2) T/B cell activation
3) memory immune response

Question 5

what was the 1st adjuvant used

Answer 5

aluminum

Question 6

T or F: changing adjuvants can make vaccines work better instead of changing out whole vaccine

Answer 6

T

Question 7

cellular vs humoral immunity-> what cytokine responses do they want?

Answer 7

C: TH1
H: TH2

Question 8

what is a subunit vaccine

Answer 8

only contains 1 or a few components of the infectious agent

Question 9

advantages & disadvantages for subunit vaccines

Answer 9

advantage:
- safe
- longer shelf life
disadvantages:
- multiple doses required b/c antigens have poor immunogenicity
- poor cell mediated immunity
- requires adjuvant
- time consuming to identify which subunit is protective

Question 10

heterologous vaccine

Answer 10

vaccina virus protects us against small pox & cow pox

Question 11

what was the 1st human disease to be eradicated via vaccinations?

Answer 11

small pox

Question 12

live attenuated vaccines

Answer 12

a live infectious agent from which virulence has been reduced
- can still infect, but not cause same disease

Question 13

2 ways to create live attenuated vaccines

Answer 13

1) culture/mutagenization-> expose to environment where they struggled to grow
2) molecular methods -> cut out important protein = does not have ability to cause disease now

Question 14

what is the most famous live attenuated vaccine

Answer 14

sabin polio

Question 15

advantages & disadvantages of live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 15

advantages:
- rapid immunity
- single dose
- no adjuvants
- induce cell mediated immunity
- long last immunity

disadvantages:
- risk of reversion to virulence
- shedding into environment
- less stable

Question 16

live recombinant vaccines

Answer 16

vectors deliver information into your DNA & tell body to form immune response

Question 17

advantages & disadvantages of live recombinant vaccines

Answer 17

A:
- cell mediated immunity
- 1 dose

D:
- can become virulent again
- pre-existing immunity to vaccine carrier = get rid of vector before immune response message
- limited vector use (ex. salmonella, will not work on people exposed to it)

Question 18

DNA/RNA vaccines

Answer 18

take a code for protein & put that inside the vaccine
- cells will transcribe this & make protein = expressed on cell surface = immune response

Question 19

DNA/RNA vaccines advantages & disadvantages

Answer 19

A:
- cannot revert to virulence
- easy to switch out AA
- do not need to make protein in bacteria -> the mRNA will look like mRNA

D:
- need to identify protective antigen = time consuming
- expensive
- RNA vaccines are not stable
- DNA difficult to get nuclear localization

Question 20

mRNA vaccines

Answer 20

make it look like the real mRNA so the immune system can go through MHC I processing & end up on cell surface for cell mediated immune response
- our bodies do the work for protein creation

Question 21

vector

Answer 21

system to deliver message to cell

Question 22

4 types of live vaccines

Answer 22

1) fully virulent
2) heterlogous
2) attenuated
4) live recombinants

Question 23

4 types of killed vaccines

Answer 23

1) killed
2) metabolic products
3) DNA/RNA
4) subunit vaccines