Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANBI 470 > M2 L3/L4 > Flashcards

M2 L3/L4 Flashcards

1
Q

gel electroporesis

A

use to visualize amplification
ethidium bromide -> glows under UV light
- now use safer chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

PCR steps

A

1) heat -> denaturation of DNA strands
2) Primer -> acts as scaffold for nucleotides to build on
3) DNA polymerase -> synthesizes strand
4) 3 cycles of PCR amplification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DNA sequencing

A
  • used for coding & non-coding regions
  • uses cDNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 methods of DNA sequencing

A

1) sanger
2) next generation
3) nanopore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sanger sequencing

A

uses ddNTP which has a hydrogen @ position 3 so chain stops there
fluorescence the reads all sequences to build a sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

problem with sanger sequencing

A

similar genes will also amplified & read on top of each other at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

next generation sequencing

A

cuts whole genome into pieces & sequences at same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T or F: nanopore sequencing uses PCR

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nanopore sequencing

A

1 single DNA molecule passes through nanopore & the amount of electrical current is measured & sends out a specific signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

advantage & disadvantage of nanopore sequencing

A

A: really long reads of DNA molecule
D: just 1 molecule, harder to get accuracy, might have to go back to sanger sequencing to double check

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

array CGH function

A

used to detect deletions & insertions
- uses oligionucleotide probe to match up DNA to cDNA
- use wildtype DNA & label it with a specific colour
- intensities are plotted on a dot plot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mapping the genome

A

placing genes on the genome to a specific location on the chromosome
- most genomes are mapped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mapping of traits

A

associate certain traits to an area on the genome
- mapping to a peak area of significance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mapping traits to genes

A

want to find gene responsible for a specific phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 types of genome mapping

A

physical & genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

physical mapping

A

assign absolute position on a chromosome
- identifies genes & genetic markers in relation to specific chromosome locations (like google maps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

4 methods of physical mapping

A

1) somatic cell hybridization
2) in situ hybridization
3) restriction mapping
4) genome sequencing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

somatic cell hybridization

A

finds out what chromosome gene is on
- use bovine fibroblast cells & hybridize them with mouse tumor cell using sendai virus to fuse cells together = heterokaryote = PCR amplification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

advantage & disadvantage of somatic cell hybridization

A

A: identifies what chromosome area of interest is on
D: takes a long time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in situ hybridization

A

can refine where on the chromosome that area of interest is
- uses fluoresence to locate
max 3 probes/colours used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

restriction mapping

A

identifies where specific restriction enzyme sites are on a small DNA molecule
-acts like scissors
- takes fragment & adds enzymes, then align
- used to map plasmids

21
Q

genome sequencing

A

ultimate form of physical map bc it is the complete genome sequence of that animal

22
Q

genetic mapping

A

calculates distance based on frequency of combination
- uses landmarks near each other

23
Q

theoretical distance

A

based on rates of recombination between 2 markers

24
Q

recombination

A

occurs during haploid gamete production process during meiosis
- exchange genetic material during cross over event

25
Q

linkage mapping

A

DNA markers that are close to each other are going to be more likely inherited than markers far apart

26
Q

T or F: must know location for linkage mapping

A

T

27
Q

if markers sort independently, are they linked?

A

no

28
Q

are markers near each other inherited independently?

A

no

29
Q

linkage =

A

if recombination is less than 50%

30
Q

recombination definition

A

probability of cross over

31
Q

what can recombination rate be measured as?

A

unit of chromosomal length in cM

1cM = 1% recombination

32
Q

T or F: recombination rate is a true physical distance

A

F

33
Q

recombination hotspots

A

where recombination occurs quite often in this specific area

34
Q

why is an increase in recombination not a true distance?

A

bc of the hotspot -> distance will show that it is farther but it is actually close

35
Q

SNP

A

change in nucleotide, only 2 alleles involved

36
Q

microsatellites

A

repeat sequences that can change in size, way more alleles than SNP

37
Q

what is the ultimate map for genome sequencing?

A

map based sequencing

38
Q

T or F: selection for or against traits can be used when mapping traits

A

T

39
Q

name 3 types of traits that can be selected for & list an example

A

behavioural- domestication
production-growth
performance-speed

40
Q

most selection occurs for ( ) genes

A

polygenic

41
Q

monogenetic traits

A

single gene traits
are qualitative and discrete

42
Q

qualitative traits

A

governed by 1 or a couple of genes

43
Q

name 4 inheritance patterns & an example of each

A

dominant- polled
recessive-red angus
codominant-roan
sex linked- calico in catss

44
Q

polygenic traits

A

more than 1 gene + environment
described by numbers usually
QLT

45
Q

QLT

A

qualitative trait loci
different areas that know to affect the trait on the genome
- several genes involved = harder to investigate these traits

46
Q

what 2 things does mapping a trait require?

A

polymorphic traits & polymorphic markers

47
Q

what 2 techniques can be used when mapping polygenic markers

A

SNP or microsatellites

48
Q

how many alleles can be used with mapping polymorphic traits

A

2, but might be many alleles in the population

49
Q

SNP genotyping benefits (2)

A

see very specific alleles
more SNPs available across whole genome

ANBI 470 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions