M2 L2

Question 1

T or F: chromosomal mutations involve all genes on a chromosome

Answer 1

T

Question 2

trisomy + example

Answer 2

extra chromosome, calico in cats

Question 3

translocation

Answer 3

when a portion of 1 chromosome attaches to another chromosome

Question 4

chimera + example

Answer 4

when an individual has more than 1 type cell from different organisms
example- freemartin

Question 5

why do we need to karyotype more than 1 cell?

Answer 5

bc of chimeras

Question 6

inversions

Answer 6

chunk is flipped over, length remains the same

Question 7

insertion

Answer 7

piece of 1 chromosome is inserted into another

Question 8

T or F: cannot see DNA changes but can see large chromosomal changes with insertions

Answer 8

T

Question 9

T or F: DNA mutations can be seen with a microscope

Answer 9

F

Question 10

what does an enhancer do?

Answer 10

not produce as much product as it should

Question 11

simple substitutions

Answer 11

same size sequence, switches out 1 nucleotide

Question 12

substitutions

Answer 12

same size sequence, switches out 3 nucleotides

Question 13

T or F: if a mutation occurs inside a gene, it will effect final protein

Answer 13

T

Question 14

synonymous change

Answer 14

codes for same protein = no change in amino acid

Question 15

what position often changes in synonymous changes

Answer 15

3rd position

Question 16

3 types of non-synonymous changes

Answer 16

1) missense
2) nonsense
3) frameshift

Question 17

missense mutation + example

Answer 17

causes change in amino acid, red colour

Question 18

nonsense mutation + example

Answer 18

stop codon is put in = truncated protein

short hair

Question 19

frameshift mutation + example

Answer 19

deletion or insertion of any # not divisible by 3

myostatin

Question 20

example of mutation in non-coding sequences

Answer 20

polled mutation