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BIO 130.01 > M2: DNA Transcription > Flashcards

M2: DNA Transcription Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of RNA

A

Transcription

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2
Q

Regulated process of DNA Transcription

A
  1. Protein-demand dependent
  2. Conservation of Cell Resources
  3. Enhanced Cell Fitness
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3
Q

Evidences of RNA as Intermediate Molecule in the Genetic Information Flow

A
  1. DNA does not participate in protein synthesis
  2. RNA is synthesized in nucleus or nuclear region
  3. RNA migrates to cytoplasm for protein synthesis
  4. RNA is chemically similar to DNA
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4
Q

DNA serving as a template for RNA Polymerase

A

DNA Template Strand

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5
Q

Similar 5’ to 3’ with transcribed RNA molecule

A

DNA Coding Strand

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6
Q

Initial step of Transcription

A

Template Binding

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7
Q

Recognized by sigma factors located upstream in the gene that signals the start of initial binding

A

Promoter

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8
Q

Cluster of gene found in bacteria that regulates genes

A

Operons

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9
Q

Similar sequences

A
  • Different genes in the same organism
  • One or more genes of related organisms
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10
Q

Promoters of Bacteria

A

Not similar promoter to Eukarya

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11
Q

Promoters of Archaea

A

Similar promoter to Eukarya

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12
Q

Recognition Sequences in Eukaryotic Promoter Region

A
  1. TATA - Goldberg-Hoyness Box
  2. CAAT/CCAAT box
  3. GC
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13
Q

Cis-Acting DNA Elements in Eukaryotes

A
  1. Core Promoter
  2. Proximal Promoter
  3. Enhancers and Silencers
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14
Q

Determines the binding site of RNAP II

A

Core Promoter

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15
Q

Helps modulate the level of transcription

A

Proximal Promoter

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16
Q

Cis-acting element that influence the efficiency or rate of transcription initiation by RNAP II

A

Enhancers and Silencers

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17
Q

Facilitates RNAP II binding and initiation of transcription

A

Trans-Acting Factors

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18
Q

Required trans-acting factor for RNAP II mediated transcription

A

General Transcription Factors

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19
Q

Trans-acting factor that influence the efficiency of RNAP II transcription initiation

A

Transcriptional activators and repressors

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20
Q

Catalyzed polymerization of RNA molecules, 5’ to 3’

A

RNA Polymerase

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21
Q

No. of RNA Polymerase in Eukaryotes

A

3

22
Q

No. of RNA Polymerase in Bacteria

A

1

23
Q

RNA Pol producing rRNA in nucleolus

A

RNA Pol I

24
Q

RNA Pol producing mRNA in nucleoplasm

A

RNA Pol II

25
Q

RNA Pol producing ssrRNA, tRNA in nucleoplasm

A

RNA Pol III

26
Q

Provide the catalytic basis and active site of transcription in bacteria

A

RNA Polymerase Core Enzyme

27
Q

Associated with dissociable subunit that recognizes specific promoters in bacteria

A

RNA Polymerase Holoenzyme

28
Q

Recognizes the appropriate site on the DNA to initiate transcription

A

Sigma factor

29
Q

Sigma factor recognizing promoter and initiation site

A

Promoter Reognition

30
Q

Opens promoter complex

A

Local unwinding

31
Q

RNA Pol starts to build a complimentary RNA strand

A

Chain initiation

32
Q

Required in eukaryotes for initiation of transcription

A

Chromatin remodeling/Histone modification

33
Q

RNA moves along 3’ to 5’

A

Chain Elongation

34
Q

Site of adding nucleotides by RNA Pol in the RNA growing chain

A

3’ OH

35
Q

Governed by specific base sequences on DNA

A

Chain Termination

36
Q

Mechanisms of Termination in Bacteria

A
  1. Rho-dependent Termination
  2. Rho-independent Termination
37
Q

Rho causes both the RNA and RNA Polymerase to be released from the DNA

A

Rho-dependent Termination

38
Q

Rho-dependent termination site

A

Rho utilization/rut site

39
Q

GC-rich sequences, containing an inverted repeat with a central non-repeating segment, followed by run of Adenines

A

Rho-independent Termination

40
Q

Incorporation of polyadenylation sequence and cleavage of roughly 10-35 bases in 3’ direction

A

Termination in Eukaryotic Transcription

41
Q

Incorporated sequence for eukaryotic transcription termination

A

Polyadenylation Signal Sequence

42
Q

Initial or Primary transcripts of protein-coding mRNA

A

Eukaryotic Pre-mRNA

43
Q

Post-Transcriptional Modifications in Eukaryotes

A
  1. Addition of 7-methylguanosine cap at 5’ end
  2. Poly A Tailing
  3. RNA Splicing
44
Q

Protection from nuclease attack

A

Addition of 7-methylguanosine cap at 5’ end

45
Q

Protects the mRNA

A

Poly-A Tailing

46
Q

Removal of intervening sequence

A

RNA Splicing

47
Q

Products of Transcription

A

mRNA, tRNA, & rRNA

48
Q

Organism that have post-transcriptional mRNA

A

Eukaryote

49
Q

Cistronicity of Prokaryotes

A

Polycistronic genes

50
Q

Cistronicity of Eukaryotes

A

Monocistronic

51
Q

Single gene, single transcription, single mRNA, but multiple and different proteins

A

Polycistronic genes

BIO 130.01 (12 decks)

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