M1: Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
- Unit of inheritance
- Mendel’s unit factors
Gene
Alternative forms of a single gene
Allele
Allele Phenotypes
Dominant and Recessive trait
Symbolizes the character in question
First letter of the recessive trait
Physical expression
- Trait
- Information contained in the gene
Phenotype
Designates the genetic makeup of an individual for the trait it describes (whether diploid and haploid)
Genotype
Individual with identical alleles at one or more loci
Homozygote/Homozygous
Individual with different alleles at one or more loci
Heterozygote/Heterozygous
Plant used in Mendel’s Model Experimental Approach
Pisum sativum (Garden Pea)
Reason for using Garden Pea
- Easy to grow
- Grows to maturity in a single season
- Reproduces well
- Self-fertilizing in nature
- Easy to cross-breed experimentally
- Easy to hybridize artificially
One pair of contrasting traits
(1 character)
Monohybrid cross
In Monohybrid Cross, it expresses the same trait exhibited by one of the parents
F1 Offspring
In Monohybrid Cross, it shows a ratio of 3:1
F2 Offspring
In Monohybrid Cross, results are not
Results are not sex dependent
Mendel’s Principle of Inheritance
- The Principle of Unit Factors in Pairs
- The Principle of Segregation
- The Principle of Dominance
- The Principle of Independent Assortment
Genetic characters are controlled by unit factors existing in pairs in individual organisms
Principle of Unit Factors in Pairs
When two unlike unit factors responsible for a single character are present in a single individual, one unit factor is dominant to the other, which is said to be recessive
Principle of Dominance
During the formation of gametes, the paired unit factors separate, or segregate, randomly so that each gamete receives one or the other with equal likelihood
Principle of Segregation