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BIO 130.01 > M2: DNA Replication > Flashcards

M2: DNA Replication Flashcards

1
Q

3 modes of DNA replication?

A

Dispersive, Semi-conservative, Conservative

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2
Q

A pair of old and new strand of DNA

A

Semi-Conservative

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3
Q

Homologous double strand of DNA

A

Conservative

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4
Q

Double strand combined with old and new genes

A

Dispersive

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5
Q

Ratio of Semi-Conservative DNA Replication

A

1:3

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6
Q

Ratio of Conservative DNA Replication

A

1:3

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7
Q

Ratio of Dispersive DNA Replication

A

1:1

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8
Q

Proof that DNA is semi-conservative

A

Meselson-Stahl Experiment

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9
Q

DNA replication starts at a specific point called the origin of replication, and then proceeds in both directions, creating two replication forks moving away from each other

A

Bidirectional Synthesis

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10
Q

Direction of DNA replication

A

5’ to 3’

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11
Q

In bacteria, No. of replicon

A

In bacteria, No. of origin & No. of termination

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12
Q

No. of origins in yeast (bacteria)

A

250 - 400 origins

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13
Q

No. of origins in mammalian

A

25,000 origins

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14
Q

Segment of DNA that is replicated as a unit from a single origin

A

Replicon

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15
Q

Parts of replication site

A

Ori site and Termination site

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16
Q

Needed by DNA polymerase to synthesize at 5’ to 3’

A

Hydroxyl group at 3’

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17
Q

Provides energy to DNA synthesis

A

Cleavage of Triphosphate

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18
Q

Short sequences complimentary to DNA

A

RNA Primer

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19
Q

Requirements for RNA Primer

A
  1. Short RNA sequence
  2. Complimentary to the DNA
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20
Q

Kinds of Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR) Primers

A

DNA Primer, Forward Primer, Reverse Primer

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21
Q

Replicates 3’ - 5’ template

A

Forward Primer

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22
Q

Replicates 5’ - 3’ template

A

Reverse Primer

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23
Q

Enzyme replacing supercoils ahead of replisome

A

DNA gyrase (gyrAB)

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24
Q

Enzyme binding origin of replication to open double helix

A

Origin-binding protein (dna A)

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25
Q

Enzyme loading helicase at origin

A

Helicase loader (dnaC)

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26
Q

Enzyme unwinding double helix at replication fork

A

Helicase (dnaB)

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27
Q

Enzyme preventing single strands from annealing

A

Single-strand binding protein (ssb)

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28
Q

Enzyme priming new strands of DNA

A

Primase (dnaG)

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29
Q

Main polymerizing enzyme

A

DNA Polymerase III

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30
Q

Enzyme loading Pol III into sliding clamp

A

Clamp holder (hol A-E)

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31
Q

Enzyme holding Pol III on DNA

A

Sliding clamp (dnaN)

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32
Q

Enzyme stranding elongation

A

Polymerase subunit (dnaE)

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33
Q

Enzyme holding together the two core enzymes for the leading and lagging strands

A

Dimerization subunit (Tau) (dnaX)

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34
Q

Enzyme for proofreading

A

Proofreading subunit (dnaQ)

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35
Q

Enzyme excising RNA primer and fills in the gaps

A

DNA Polymerase I (Pol A)

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36
Q

Enzyme sealing nicks in DNA

A

DNA Ligase (lig A, lig B)

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37
Q

Enzyme binding terminus and blocks progress at replication forks

A

Tus Proteins (tus)

38
Q

Enzyme unlinking at interlocked circles

A

Topoisomerase IV (par CE)

39
Q

Large replication complex formed by aggregation of replication proteins

A

Replisomes

40
Q

Binding site of precursor nucleotide

41
Q

By-product formed during binding of nucleotide to a growing chain

A

Diphosphate

42
Q

Responsible for DNA repair, primer removal, and filling of gaps from primer removal

A

DNA Polymerase I

43
Q

Responsible as primary replication enzyme

A

DNA Polymerase III

44
Q

Responsible for DNA repair

A

DNA Polymerase II, IV, and V

45
Q

No. of molecules of polymerase cell in DNA Polymerase I

46
Q

No. of molecules of polymerase cell in DNA Polymerase III

47
Q

DNA Polymerase with 5’ 3’ polymerization

A

DNA Polymerase I, II, III

48
Q

DNA Polymerase with 3’-5’ exonuclease activity

A

DNA Polymerase I, II, III

49
Q

DNA Polymerase with 5’-3’ exonuclease activity

A

DNA Polymerase I

50
Q

Addition of nucleotides at the 3’ end

A

5’-3’ polymerization activity

51
Q

Direction of proofreading activity

A

3’-5’ exonuclease activity

52
Q

Direction of removal of RNA Primers

A

5’-3’ exonuclease activity

53
Q

Elongates polynucleotide chain and proofreads

A

Core enzyme

54
Q

DNA polymerase III for 5’-3’ polymerization

A

Alpha-DNA Polymerase III

55
Q

DNA polymerase III for 3’-5’ exonuclease

A

Eta-DNA Polymerase III

56
Q

DNA polymerase III for core assembly

A

theta-DNA Polymerase III

57
Q

DNA polymerase III for sliding clamp structure

A

Beta-DNA Polymerase III

58
Q

DNA polymerase III for dimerizes core complex

A

Tau-DNA Polymerase III

59
Q

No. of different DNA polymerase in humans

A

At least 14

60
Q

No. of different DNA polymerase in Mammalian cells

A

Ten of Thousands

61
Q

Low processivity, RNA primer synthesis, and replaced by Pol-Delta or Pol-Epsilon

A

DNA Pol-Alpha of Eukaryotes

62
Q

High processivity and extend primers on opposite strands of DNA

A

DNA Pol-Delta/Epsilon of Eukaryotes

63
Q

DNA Pol of eukaryotes responsible for leading strand

A

DNA Pol-Epsilon of Eukaryotes

64
Q

DNA Pol of eukaryotes responsible for lagging strand and proofreading

A

DNA Pol-Delta of Eukaryotes

65
Q

It is opened by dnaA which exposes ssDNA regions

66
Q

Site of replication initiation and separation of dsDNA

A

Origin of Replication

67
Q

Recruited by dnaA to bind to replication fork

A

Holoenzyme

68
Q

It initiates replication

69
Q

Keeps the unwound strands in an extended form for replication

A

Single-strand binding protein

70
Q

Not ideal structure of DNA Formation

A

Hairpin structure

71
Q

Coiling tension ahead of replication fork

A

DNA Supercoiling

72
Q

Catalyzes localized movements that have the effect of “undoing” the twists and knots created during supercoiling

A

DNA Gyrase

73
Q

Synthesis of RNA Primer

74
Q

Proofreading Mechanism

A

Begins at nucleotide insertion and clips mismatched nucleotide and inserted correct nucleotide

75
Q

Replication begins with RNA Primer at 5’

A

Leading Strand

76
Q

Replication begins with 3’ and with primase putting RNA Primers

A

Lagging Strand

77
Q

Short strands between RNA Primers

A

Okazaki fragment

78
Q

Opposite side of the chromosome from origin and contains Ter sites

A

Terminus of Replication

79
Q

Recognized Ter sites and blocks replication forks

A

Tus Proteins

80
Q

Facilitates DNA Partitioning in daughter cells during cell division

81
Q

The phase where tight coupling of DNA synthesis and histone synthesis happens

82
Q

Assembly of new nucleosomes behind replication forks

A

Chromatin assembly factors

83
Q

Problems assocated with Linear DNA Ends of Eukaryotes

A
  1. Resemble ds breaks
  2. DNA Polymerase cannot synthesize new DNA at the tips of ss 5’ end
84
Q

Region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome

85
Q

Ribonucleoprotein enzyme

A

Telomerase

86
Q

Attachment (template for DNA) guide to telomere

A

Telomerase RNA Component (TERC)

87
Q

Catalytic subunit of telomerase enzyme

A

Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT)

88
Q

Region where Telomeric DNA is synthesized

A

G-rich tail

89
Q

Location of DNA replication for eukaryotes

90
Q

Location of DNA replication for prokaryotes

BIO 130.01 (13 decks)

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