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BIO 130.01 > M1: Physical Basis of Heredity > Flashcards

M1: Physical Basis of Heredity Flashcards

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1
Q

Houses the DNA

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

Site for rRNA SYNTHESIS

A

Nucleolus

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3
Q

Site of translation

A

Ribosome

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4
Q

Unique ribosome to eukaryotes

A

Monosome 80s
- Large Subunit 60s
- Small Subunit 40s

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5
Q

Site of ATP Synthesis

A

Mitochondria

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6
Q

Site of Photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

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7
Q

Associated with spindle fiber formation

A

Centrioles

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8
Q

Houses DNA for prokaryotes

A

Nucleoid

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9
Q

Unique ribosome to prokaryotes

A

Monosome 70s
- Large Subunit 50s
- Small Subunit 30s

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10
Q

Coiled chromatin fibers

A

Chromosome

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11
Q

Extended form of chromosome

A

Chromatin fibers

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12
Q

Chromosome with centromere at the middle

A

Metacentric

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13
Q

Chromosome with centromere at the middle of the middle and the end

A

Submetacentric

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14
Q

Chromosome with centromere near the end

A

Acrocentric

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15
Q

Chromosome with centromere at the end

A

Teleocentric

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16
Q

Chromatids that display the same trait

A

Sister Chromatids

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17
Q

2 copies of gene

A

Diploid

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18
Q

1 copy of gene

A

Haploid

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19
Q

Leads to the production of two cells with same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

A

Mitosis

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20
Q

Expresses mitosis and are non-sex cells

A

Somatic Cells

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21
Q

Roles of Mitosis

A
  1. Growth and Development
  2. Regeneration and Repair
  3. Basis of asexual reproduction
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22
Q

Duplication of DNA

A

Interphase

23
Q

Partitioning of genetic material into daughter cells

A

Karyokinesis

24
Q

Cytoplasmic division

A

Cytokinesis

25
Q

Interphase > Karyokinesis > Cytokinesis > Repeat

A

Cell Cycle

26
Q

Cells become dormant but not proliferative

A

G0 stage

27
Q

Checks the cell size and DNA quality

A

G1/S checkpoint

28
Q

Checks DNA replication and quality

A

G2/M checkpoint

29
Q

Checks spindle assembly

A

M checkpoint

30
Q

[MT] Chromatin fibers are uncoiled and nuclear membrane starts to disintegrate.

A

Interphase

31
Q

[MT] Visible chromosome, spindle fiber formation, and complete disintegration of nuclear membrane

A

Prophase

32
Q

Multi-subunit protein complex formed during interphase

A

Cohesin

33
Q

Star-like arrangement of microtubules

A

Asters

34
Q

[MT] Period of chromosome migration to the equatorial plane by spindle fibers to kinetochore.

A

Prometaphase

35
Q

Assembly of multilayered plates of proteins

A

Kinetochore

36
Q

Degrades cohesin in sister chromatid

A

Separase

37
Q

Protects the cohesin from the degradation of centromeric region.

A

Shugoshin

38
Q

[MT] Chromosome configuration after migration

A

Metaphase

39
Q

[MT] Degradation of shugoshin and cohesin which disjuncts the sister chromatids and pulled in opposite poles

A

Anaphase

40
Q

[MT] Uncoiling of chromosomes, reformation of nuclear envelope and cell plate, and disappearance of spindle fiber.

A

Telophase

41
Q

Cell division by which gametes or spores are produced and ensures that there is enormous genetic variation.

A

Meiosis

42
Q

Two sources of variations

A
  1. Maternal and Paternal Chromosomes derived from gametes
  2. Crossing over
43
Q

Genetic exchange between members of each homologous pair of chromosome.

A

Crossing over

44
Q

Stage of meiosis to only have DNA replication

A

Interphase

45
Q

Substages of Prophase I

A
  1. Leptonema
  2. Zygonema
  3. Pachynema
  4. Diplonema
  5. Diakinesis
46
Q

[ME-P] Chromatin thickens and coils into visible chromosome.

A

Leptonema

47
Q

[ME-P] Synapse pairing of homologs.

A

Zygonema

48
Q

[ME-P] Formation of tetrads.

A

Pachynema

49
Q

[ME-P] Crossing over of Tetrads

A

Diplonema

50
Q

A point where non-sister chromatids undergoing genetic exchange

A

Chiasmata

51
Q

[ME-P] Breakdown of nucleolus and nuclear envelope and attachment of tetrads to spindle fiber

A

Diakinesis

52
Q

[ME] Chromosome maximally shortened and thickened.

A

Metaphase I

53
Q

[ME] Dyads are pulled to opposite poles.

A

Anaphase I

54
Q

[ME] Nuclear membrane forms around dyads

A

Telophase I

BIO 130.01 (12 decks)

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