M1: Extension of Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

Heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype. (1:2:1)

Answer 1

Incomplete/Partial Dominance

Question 2

Heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both homozygotes. (1:2:1)

Answer 2

Codominance

Question 3

Three or more alleles of the same gene.

Answer 3

Multiple alleles

Question 4

Mutation resulting in non-fictional gene product.
Affect’s organisms viability and survival

Answer 4

Lethal alleles

Question 5

The presence of just one copy of the allele results in the death of the individual

Answer 5

Dominant lethal allele

Question 6

Lethal in homozygous recessive condition

Answer 6

Recessive lethal allele

Question 7

Modifications of Dihybrid Ratio

Answer 7

1. Combination of two gene pairs with two modes of inheritance
2. Single phenotype is affected by more than one set of genes

Question 8

Cellular function of numerous gene products contributes to the development of a common phenotype.

Answer 8

Gene Interaction

Question 9

Expression of one gene pair masks or modifies the effect of another gene pair

Answer 9

Epistasis

Question 10

Allele that masks

Answer 10

Epistatic allele

Question 11

Allele being masked

Answer 11

Hypostatic allele

Question 12

Mask expression of the other gene pair

Answer 12

Antagonistic

Question 13

Modifies the expression of other gene pair

Answer 13

Complementary

Question 14

One gene when dominant, masks the effect of the other (12:3:1)

Answer 14

Dominant Epistasis

Question 15

One gene, when homozygous recessive, hides or masks the effect of the other (9:3:4).

Answer 15

Recessive Epistasis

Question 16

Either gene, when dominant, is epistatic to the other (15:1)

Answer 16

Duplicate genes

Question 17

The presence of at least one dominant allele at each of the two gene pairs is essential to display the phenotype. (9:7)

Answer 17

Complementary Gene Interaction

Question 18

New phenotypes result from the interaction between dominants or homozygous recessives (9:6:1)

Answer 18

Novel phenotypes

Question 19

Other Modified Dihybrid Ratios

Answer 19

13:3
10:3:3
6:3:3:4

Question 20

Multiple phenotypes effects of a single gene

Answer 20

Pleiotropy

Question 21

Found in X chromosomes and a unique pattern of inheritance in comparison with autosomal gene

Answer 21

X-linked gene

Question 22

X-linked gene: Homozygous, Heterozygous

Answer 22

Female

Question 23

X-linked gene: Hemizygous

Answer 23

Male

Question 24

Phenotype traits controlled by “it” are passed from homozygous mothers to al sons

Answer 24

Recessive X-linked genes

Question 25

The expression of a specific phenotype is limited to one sex

Answer 25

Sex-limited inheritance

Question 26

The sex of an individual influences the expression of the phenotype

Answer 26

Sex-influenced inheritance

Question 27

Mitochondria is inherited from another cytoplasm.

Answer 27

Organelle Heredity

Question 28

Factors affecting phenotypes in terms of “Genetic Background”

Answer 28

1. Position Effect
2. Genetic Anticipation

Question 29

Factors affecting phenotypes in terms of “Environment”

Answer 29

1. Temperature
2. Light
3. pH
4. Elevation
5. Nutrition

Question 30

Factors affecting phenotypes in terms of “Degree of expression of a trait”

Answer 30

1. Penetrance
2. Expressivity

Question 31

Percentage of individuals showing a degree of expression of a mutant genotype

Answer 31

Penetrance

Question 32

Genotype is present but phenotype is not observable

Answer 32

Incomplete Penetrance

Question 33

Measures the range of phenotype expression of a genotype

Answer 33

Expressivity

Question 34

Trait is not manifested uniformly among individuals that show it

Answer 34

Variable expressivity