M. Emotion, Stress, and Health - Part 1

Question 1

What part of the brain was pierced in the Case of Phineas Gage?

Answer 1

ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Question 2

describe the 3 main ideas wrt to Darwin’s theory on the evolution of emotional expression

Answer 2

1. predictor of behaviour = expressions of emotions evolve as a behaviour that acts as a predictor of what the animal will do next
2. enhanced communication = if the behaviours that are elicited by these expressions of emotion lead to benefits in life fitness they will be enhanced as another means of communication
3. principle of antithesis = opposite messages are often signalled by opposite movements

Question 3

Describe how the theories of emotion vary when encountering a bear for the following
a) common-sense view
b) James-Lange view
c) Cannon-Bard View
d) modern biopsychological view

Answer 3

a) preception of bear -> feeling fear –> physiological rxn
b) perception of bear -> physiological rxn -? feeling fear
c) perception -> feeling fear + physiological rxn
d) perception of bear + feeling of fear + physiological rxn (simultaneously)

Question 4

Which view is this?

Answer 4

modern biopsychological veiw

Question 5

Which view is this?

Answer 5

cannon-bard view

Question 6

Which view is this?

Answer 6

James-Lange view

Question 7

Which view is this?

Answer 7

common-sense view

Question 8

What are the 8 main brain structures associated w/ emotion?

Answer 8

1. amygdala
2. mammillary bodies
3. hippocampus
4. fornix
5. cingulate cortex
6. septum
7. olfactory bulbs
8. hypothalamus

Question 9

what are the 4F’s wrt regulation of motivated behaviours

Answer 9

1. fight
2. flight
3. freeze
4. fawn

Question 10

wrt the 4 F’s of regulation of motivated behaviors what does fawn mean?

Answer 10

undergoing ppl pleasing behavior in order to prevent getting hurt

Question 11

What is the purpose of the 4F’s of regulation of motivated behaviour?

Answer 11

to reduce harm in a life-threatening situation

Question 12

label the image using the following brain structures
a) septum
b) right cingulate cortex
c) mammillary body
d) fornix
e) longitudinal fissure
f) amygdala
g) hippocampus
h) left cingulate cortex

Answer 12

a) green
b) blue
c) brown
d) yellow
e) orange
f) red
g) purple
h) pink

Question 13

Draw the limbic circuit using the following
a) fornix
b) septum
c) cingulate cortex
d) amygdala
e) mammillary bodies
f) various tracts
g) hippocampus

Answer 13

Question 14

Describe sham rage

Answer 14

the exaggerated and poorly direct aggressive responses of a decorticate animal

Question 15

What does decorticate mean?

Answer 15

the act of surgically removing/separating the cortex from the rest of the brain

Question 16

What 2 abnormal responses occur for decorticated cats?

Answer 16

1. INC sensitivity to aggression
2. not able to direct aggression toward the appropriate target

Question 17

What would happen to a decorticated cat that has also had its hypothalamus removed

Answer 17

no aggression will occur

Question 18

using the decorticated cats study what does this tell us about the role of the cortex

Answer 18

it is significant for the control/inhibition of aggression

Question 19

a) What is Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
b) what are the 2 main symptoms
c) What type of damage causes it

Answer 19

a) a cerebral neurological disorder b)
1. urge to explore things by putting them in the mouth
2. INC sexual activity directed inappropriately
c) bilateral damage to anterior temporal lobes of the amygdala

Question 20

ANS the following wrt the Urbach-Wiethe Disease
a) what is the main cause for this disorder?
b) What happens in the brain?
c) what happens behaviourally
d) how does this influence one’s senses?

Answer 20

a) genetics
b) calcifies the amygdala and the surrounding anterior medial temporal lobe
c) inability to recognize or produce a fearful expression
d) difficulty w/ other complex visual stimuli

Question 21

T or F - the amygdala is repsonsible for all fear

Answer 21

F