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PSYC3410 > Chapter 13: Hormones and Sex > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Hormones and Sex Flashcards

1
Q

Exocrine glands release their chemicals into _________, which carry them to their targets. Endocrine glands release their chemicals directly into __________________.
A. the posterior pituitary; the anterior pituitary
B. the anterior pituitary; the posterior pituitary
C. the circulatory system; ducts
D. ducts; the circulatory system

A

d

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2
Q

After copulation, a sperm cell may fertilize an ovum to form a cell called a(n):
A. zygote.
B. fetus.
C. embryo.
D. child cell.

A

a

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3
Q

__________________ is a pituitary tropic hormone that travels through the circulatory system to the gonads, where it stimulates the release of gonadal hormones.
A. Testosterone
B. Gonadotropin
C. Oxytocin
D. Vasopressin

A

b

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4
Q

Hormones are carried from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary via the:
A. tubuloglomerular feedback system.
B. paraventricular nuclei.
C. hypothalamopituitary portal system.
D. vasomotor system.

A

c

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5
Q

One consequence of ________________ is that there are often large minute-to-minute fluctuations in the levels of circulating hormones.
A. neural signals
B. the stress response
C. exocrine function
D. pulsatile hormone release

A

d

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6
Q

In the seventh week after conception, the ___________ gene on the Y chromosome of the male triggers the synthesis of ____________ protein.
A. testicular; testicular
B. Sry; testicular
C. ovarian; ovarian
D. Sry; Sry

A

d

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7
Q

If Sry protein were injected into a genetic female fetus 6 weeks after conception, the fetus would develop into a genetic _____ with ______.
A. female; ovaries
B. female; neither testes nor ovaries
C. female; testes
D. male; ovaries

A

c

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8
Q

In the third month of male fetal development, the developing testes secrete:
A. progesterone.
B. Müllerian-inhibiting substance.
C. estradiol.
D. oxytocin.

A

b

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9
Q

Surgical removal of the gonads—either the testes or the ovaries—is called:
A. castration.
B. oophorectomy.
C. ovariectomy.
D. orchidectomy.

A

a

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10
Q

____________________ triggers the growth of pubic and axillary hair in females.
A. Growth hormone
B. Testosterone
C. Estradiol
D. Androstenedione

A

d

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11
Q

In the classic experiments of Pfeiffer, gonadectomizing neonatal rats of either genetic sex caused them to develop into adults with the ____________________________. In contrast, transplantation of testes into gonadectomized or intact female neonatal rats caused them to develop into adults with the ________________________.
A. female cyclic pattern of gonadotropin release; steady male pattern of gonadotropin release
B. female cyclic pattern of oxytocin release; steady male pattern of oxytocin release
C. steady male pattern of oxytocin release; female cyclic pattern of oxytocin release
D. steady male pattern of gonadotropin release; female cyclic pattern of gonadotropin release

A

a

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12
Q

Aromatization refers to the process of converting ______________ to ________________.
A. testosterone; estradiol
B. testosterone; androstenedione
C. androstenedione; testosterone
D. estradiol; testosterone

A

a

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13
Q

Although research on the development of sex differences in the brain is still in its infancy, one important principle has emerged:
A. Brains are not masculinized or feminized as a whole.
B. Brains are either masculine or feminine.
C. All differences between the brains of human males and females are controlled by neonatal hormones.
D. There are no substantial differences between the brains of human males and females.

A

a

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14
Q

Perinatal exposure to testosterone often __________________ a genetic female’s adult reproductive behavior.
A. masculinizes and feminizes
B. feminizes and demasculinizes
C. masculinizes and defeminizes
D. defeminizes and demasculinizes

A

c

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15
Q

Which condition is MORE likely in human males than females?
A. Alzheimer’s disease
B. dyslexia
C. depression
D. anxiety

A

b

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16
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome results from:
A. a mutation of the gene for the androgen receptor.
B. excessive estrogen levels.
C. a lack of circulating androgens.
D. aromatization.

A

a

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17
Q

Which of these is the MOST common atypical form of sexual development?
A. androgen insensitivity syndrome
B. ablatio clitoris
C. ablatio penis
D. adrenogenital syndrome

A

d

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18
Q

Which condition results from a congenital deficiency in the release of the hormone cortisol from the adrenal cortex?
A. androgen insensitivity syndrome
B. adrenogenital syndrome
C. hypocortisolimia
D. ablatio penis

A

b

19
Q

An important generalization drawn from Bremer’s (1959) classic study is that inhuman males, castration always leads to:
A. a reduction in sexual interest and behavior.
B. a total elimination of sexual interest and behavior.
C. no major reductions in sexual interest and behavior.
D. an immediate reduction in sexual interest but no changes in behaviors.

A

a

20
Q

Because testosterone is the major testicular hormone, the major symptoms of orchidectomy have been attributed to the loss of testosterone. The therapeutic effects of _______________ have confirmed this assumption.
A. lordosis
B. surgical reconstruction of the gonads
C. castration
D. replacement injections

A

d

21
Q

In sexually mature female rats and guinea pigs, ________ is a period of 12 to 18 hours during which the female is fertile, receptive, proceptive, and sexually attractive.
A. hirsutism
B. ovulation
C. estrus
D. amenorrhea

A

c

22
Q

With respect to hormones, the sexual drive of human females seems to reflect:
A. neither testosterone nor estradiol
B. testosterone but not estradiol
C. both estradiol and testosterone
D. estradiol but not testosterone

A

b

23
Q

Males taking anabolic steroids often experience:
A. androgenesis.
B. amenorrhea.
C. gynecomastia.
D.testicular growth.

A

c

24
Q

In humans, activity in the ______________ is suppressed during orgasm.
A. hypothalamus
B. amygdala
C. striatum
D. prefrontal cortex

A

d

25
Q

Gorski and his colleagues (1978) discovered a nucleus in the ____________ of the rat hypothalamus that was several times larger in males. They called this nucleus the _________________ nucleus.
A. ventromedial nucleus; male
B. lateral preoptic area; male
C. dorsal nucleus; sexually dimorphic
D. dmedial preoptic area; sexually dimorphic

A

d

26
Q

The __________________ of the rat hypothalamus contains circuits that appear to be critical for female sexual behavior.
A. lateral preoptic area
B. dorsomedial nucleus
C. dorsolateral nucleus
D. ventromedial nucleus

A

d

27
Q

In humans, Klüver-Bucy syndrome involves:
A. hyposexuality.
B. heightened affect.
C. sexual advances to inappropriate objects or people.
D. binge eating.

A

c

28
Q

Activity in the ____________ is commonly associated with the anticipation and experience of sex and other forms of pleasure.
A. ventral striatum
B. amygdala
C. hypothalamus
D. prefrontal cortex

A

a

29
Q

The perinatal castration of males has increased their preference as adults for ___________ sex partners. Prenatal testosterone exposure in females has increased their preference as adults for ___________ sex partners.
A. male; female
B. female; male
C. female; female
D. male; male

A

a

30
Q

Ehrhardt and colleagues (1985) interviewed adult human females whose mothers had been exposed to _________________ during pregnancy. The females’ responses indicated that they were significantly more sexually attracted to _____________ than was a group of matched controls.
A. diethylstilbestrol; females
B. diethylstilbestrol; males
C. testosterone; females
D. testosterone; males

A

a

31
Q

The timing of the emergence of sexual attraction suggests that it may be stimulated by the release of:
A. adrenal steroids.
B. estradiol.
C. progesterone.
D. testosterone.

A

a

32
Q

The ovaries and testes are:
A. zygotes.
B. oocytes.
C. gonads.
D. exocrine glands.

A

c

33
Q

Gonadotropin is released by the
A. hypothalamus.
B. posterior pituitary.
C. anterior pituitary.
D. gonads.

A

c

34
Q

Releasing hormones are released by the:
A. anterior pituitary.
B. gonads.
C. posterior pituitary.
D. hypothalamus.

A

d

35
Q

Releasing hormones are released by the:
A. anterior pituitary.
B. gonads.
C. posterior pituitary.
D. hypothalamus.

A

d

36
Q

Pulsatile is often used to describe:
A. the pattern of the sperm production cycle.
B. vaginal lubrication.
C. ejaculation.
D. a pattern of hormone release into the blood.

A

d

37
Q

Which term refers specifically to the surgical removal of the testes?
A. gonadectomy
B. orchidectomy
C. ovariectomy
D. castration

A

b

38
Q

In the third month of the fetal development of genetic males, the newly created testes release testosterone and:
A. Müllerian-inhibiting substance.
B. prolactin.
C. androstenedione.
D. estradiol.

A

a

39
Q

The main hormonal trigger for the development of a female reproductive system is:
A. exposure to testosterone.
B. lack of exposure to testosterone.
C. lack of exposure to aromatase.
D. exposure to estradiol.

A

b

40
Q

In the absence of the Sry protein, the cortical cells of the primordial gonads develop into:
A. ovaries.
B. the Wolffian system.
C. the uvula.
D. testes.

A

a

41
Q

Adrenogenital syndrome typically has severe consequences for:
A. genetic females but not genetic males.
B. rodents but not primates.
C. genetic males but not genetic females.
D. Caucasians but not other ethnic groups.

A

a

42
Q

Hormones have two kinds of effects on behavior: developmental and:
A. chemical.
B. physiological.
C. activational.
D. spiritual.

A

c

43
Q

Sparse pubic and underarm hair is characteristic of:
A. intersexuals.
B. androgen insensitivity syndrome.
C. ablatio penis.
D. adrenogenital syndrome.

A

b

44
Q

In primates, bilateral destruction of the amygdala often causes _____ syndrome.
A. William’s
B. androgen insensitivity
C. adrenogenital
D. Kluver-Bucy

A

d

PSYC3410 (22 decks)

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