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PSYC3410 > Chapter 10 - brain damage and neuroplasticity > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - brain damage and neuroplasticity Flashcards

1
Q

All meningiomas are:
A. encapsulated.
B. penumbras.
C. infiltrating.
D. metastatic.

A

A

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2
Q

A cerebral hemorrhage is a type of:
A. tumor.
B. viral infection of the brain.
C. stroke.
D. bacterial infection of the brain.

A

C

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3
Q

Ava was in a car accident and banged the front of her head on the dashboard. An MRI revealed a ___________ to her occipital lobes.
A. contrecoup injury
B. tumor
C. stroke
D. concussion

A

A

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4
Q

Inflammation resulting from an infection of the brain is called:
A. a thrombosis.
B. encephalitis.
C. hydrocephalus.
D. an embolism.

A

B

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5
Q

Tardive dyskinesia is caused by:
A. chronic use of certain anti-inflammatory medications.
B. overuse of benzodiazepines.
C. long-term use of certain antipsychotic medications.
D. lead consumption.

A

C

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6
Q

A simple partial seizure is a type of:
A. temporal lobe epilepsy.
B. absence seizure.
C. focal seizure.
D. generalized seizure.

A

C

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7
Q

Parkinson’s disease is associated with widespread degeneration but it is particularly severe in the:
A. inferior colliculus.
B. substantia nigra.
C. amygdala.
D. hippocampus.

A

B

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8
Q

Huntington’s disease is passed from generation to generation by a single mutated dominant gene, called:
A. trisomy 21.
B. IAHSP.
C. huntingtin.
D. beta-amyloid.

A

C

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9
Q

Multiple sclerosis is often considered to be a(n) ____________ disorder.
A. psychiatric
B. nonprogressive
C. autoimmune
D. benign

A

C

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10
Q

One of the defining characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease is:
A. the miscoding of a gene involved in elastic production.
B. the presence of neurofibrillary tangles.
C. a buildup of scar tissue in the central nervous system.
D. an accumulation of Lewy bodies.

A

B

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11
Q

The progressive development and intensification of convulsions elicited by a series of periodic brain stimulations called:
A. the kindling phenomenon.
B. epilepsy.
C. the MPTP model.
D. temporal lobe epilepsy.

A

A

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12
Q

The neuroplastic changes underlying kindling:
A. abate after several months of no electrical stimulation.
B. can be intermittent.
C. are relatively permanent.
D. are transitory.

A

C

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13
Q

The kindling phenomenon is comparable to the ________________ that can follow a head injury.
A. contrecoup
B. epileptogenesis
C. demyelinization
D. stroke

A

B

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14
Q

Mark suffers from Parkinson’s disease. His doctor notes that he displays bradykinesia and seborrhea and tells Mark that these are medical terms for ______ and _____.
A. small handwriting; oily skin
B. tremors; small handwriting
C. slowness of movement; oily skin
D. slowness of movement; tremors

A

C

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15
Q

_______________________ react to MPTP in much the same way that humans do.
A. Nonhuman primates
B. Mice
C. Rats
D. Pigeons

A

A

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16
Q

Following axotomy, two kinds of neural degeneration ensue:
A. cerebral ischemia and cerebral hemorrhage.
B. cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral ischemia.
C. kindling and epileptogenesis.
D. retrograde degeneration and anterograde degeneration.

A

D

17
Q

When an axon degenerates, axon branches grow out from adjacent healthy axons and synapse at the sites vacated by the degenerating axon: This is called:
A. axonal branch splitting.
B. synapse filling.
C. collateral sprouting.
D. synaptic facilitation.

A

C

18
Q

In monkeys whose contralateral arm sensory neurons had been cut 10 years earlier, researchers found that the cortical face representation had systematically expanded into the:
A. adjoining tongue area of the primary somatosensory cortex.
B. original arm area of the primary somatosensory cortex.
C. intact arm area of the primary somatosensory cortex.
D. subcortical structures below the original arm area of the primary somatosensory cortex.

A

B

19
Q

Humans lacking visual input to the cortex develop more _____________ cortex.
A. motor
B. auditory and somatosensory
C. visual and motor
D. visual

A

B

20
Q

In adult laboratory animals, brain damage has been shown to:
A. increase the volume of cells in the motor cortex area.
B. trigger the migration of stem cells but only into nearby damaged areas.
C. increase neural connections in the sensory cortex.
D. trigger the migration of stem cells into all damaged areas.

A

B

21
Q

In the one large-scale study of the effectiveness of neurotransplantation in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, the initial results were encouraging; however, after about a year, some of the patients:
A. began to display uncontrollable writhing and chewing movements.
B. started to lose their ability to speak.
C. displayed severe L-dopa withdrawal symptoms.
D. developed Alzheimer’s disease.

A

A

22
Q

__________________ was shown to reduce both the loss of hippocampal neurons and deficits in Morris water maze performance caused by experimental cerebral ischemia.
A. A necrosis suppressing factor
B. An apoptosis inhibitor protein
C. A second ischemic episode
D. A cholinergic agonist

A

B

23
Q

_______________ is a treatment for patients who have lost function in one of their arms following stroke.
A. Suppression therapy
B. Constraint-induced therapy
C. Counter-productive therapy
D. Mirror-box therapy

A

B

24
Q

Shamer suffered a spinal injury that left him unable to walk. He learns of an innovative therapy in which he would be suspended over a moving treadmill while he gradually develops the ability to make walking motions. There are 50% of those w/ Shamar’s type of injury ultimately become indp walkers when treated w/ conventional physiotherapy, _______ % of those treated w/ the innovative therapy do so
A. 90
B. 60
C. 75
D. 100

A

A

25
Q

Whereas about 1/2 of those who lose a limb exp phantom limb sensations, ____ of those born w/out a limb exp such sensations
A. most
B. few
C. none
D. a sizable minority

A

D

26
Q

Valentina has been diagnosed w/ a malignant brain tumor. Her doctor notes that it is the most common type of brain tumor and that it is growing quite quickly. Valentina has MOST likely been diagnosed w/ a(n);
A. encapsulated tumor
B. metastatic tumor
C. meningioma
D. glioma

A

D

27
Q

Strokes may be caused when there is bleeding in the brain or when blood flow in the brain is blocked. This statement refers to cerebral _____ and cerebral _____ respectively.
A. ischemia, hemorrhage
B. penumbra, ischemia
C. Hemorrhage, infarct
D. hemorrhage, ischemia

A

D

28
Q

wrt the major types of brain infection:
A. syphilis is a bacterial infection whereas rabies is a viral infection
B. syphilis and rabies are both viral infections
C. syphilis is a viral infection, whereas rabies is a bacterial infection
D. syphilis and rabies are both bacterial infections

A

A

29
Q

Tardive dyskinesia is often caused by chronic
A. abuse of alcohol
B. exposure to lead
C. exposure to mercury
D. use of antipsychotic drugs

A

D

30
Q

The genetic accident that causes down syndrome occurs in the:
A. mother during birth
B. father during sex
C. mother in the first trimester
D. mother during ovulation

A

D

31
Q

Apoptosis is;
A. programmed cell death
B. passive cell death resulting from injury
C. a division of cells caused by neurotransplantation
D. the attraction among regeneration axons in the mammalian PNS

A

A

32
Q

Hypoxia is one of the dangerous effects of:
A. absence seizures
B. psychomotor attacks
C. tonic-clonic convulsions
D. complex partial seizure

A

C

33
Q

Tremor that is most pronounced during inactivity is a symptom of:
A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Huntington’s disease
C. complex partial epilepsy
D. multiple sclerosis

A

A

34
Q

Degeneration of the substantia nigra is often associated w/:
A. Parkinson’s disease
B. multiple sclerosis
C. epilepsy
D. Alzheimer’s disease

A

A

35
Q

The MPTP model is an animal model of:
A. Alzheimer’s disease
B. Parkinson’s disease
C. multiple sclerosis
D. kindling

A

B

36
Q

A/f axotomy, the degeneration of the proximal segment is referred to as “_______ degeneration”
A. distal
B. antegrade
C. transneuronal
D. retrograde

A

D

37
Q

In the PNS but not the CNS, axons are myelinated by:
A. oligodendroglia
B. astrocytes
C. schwann cells
D. microglia

A

C

38
Q

The finding that physicians and neuroscientists tend to display more improvement after brain injury has been attributed to their:
A. genes dedicated to recovery
B. better diet
C. greater capacity for regeneration
D. cognitive reserve

A

D

PSYC3410 (22 decks)

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