Chapter 11 - Memory, Learning, Amnesia Flashcards
On which memory test did H.M. display deficits?
A. mirror-drawing test
B. Pavlovian conditioning
C. block-tapping test
D. incomplete-pictures test
c
H.M.’s case showed us that:
A. there is a difference between implicit and explicit forms of memory.
B. Pavlovian conditioning is a form of explicit memory.
C. the amygdala is involved in explicit memory.
D. the digit span + 1 test is a test of implicit memory
a
Repetition priming tests are tests of _____ memory.
A. working
B. explicit
C. declarative
D. implicit
d
__________ memories are memories for general facts or information, whereas ______________ memories are memories for the particular events.
A. Explicit; implicit
B. Implicit; explicit
C. Semantic; episodic
D. Episodic; semantic
c
In transient global amnesia, there is:
A. almost always severe retrograde amnesia for implicit memories.
B. virtually always anterograde amnesia for explicit memories.
C. always permanent, diffuse brain damage.
D. often a slow, insidious onset.
b
Korsakoff’s syndrome is a disorder of memory common in people who have:
A. Alzheimer’s disease.
B. consumed large amounts of alcohol.
C. had bilateral medial temporal lobectomies.
D. consumed too much thiamine.
b
Evidence indicates that the brain damage associated with Korsakoff’s syndrome is at least partially due to:
A. too little acetylcholine.
B. iron deficiency.
C. too much acetylcholine.
D. thiamine deficiency.
d
In some respects, the memory deficits associated with Korsakoff’s syndrome are similar to those found in:
A. Alzheimer’s disease.
B. diffuse damage to the amygdala.
C. transient epileptic amnesia.
D. medial temporal lobe amnesia.
d
The first sign of Alzheimer’s disease is often:
A. a mild loss of bladder control.
B. a severe loss of memory.
C. excessive alcohol and drug use.
D. mild memory impairments.
d
The level of acetylcholine is often reduced in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients. This reduction likely results from the degeneration of cells in the:
A. amygdala.
B. basal forebrain.
C. mediodorsal nuclei of the thalamus.
D. hippocampus.
b
Testing of victims of cerebral trauma indicates that:
A. closed-head traumatic brain injuries preferentially disrupt older memories.
B. memory consolidation is not a viable theory.
C. lasting memories deteriorate and become more vulnerable to disruption.
D. lasting memories become linked to additional memories and more resistant to disruption.
d
Hebb argued that memories of experiences are stored in the short term by:
A. the mediodorsal nuclei of the thalamus.
B. the basal forebrain.
C. neural activity reverberating in closed circuits.
D. the cortex.
c
To account for the fact that H.M.’s bilateral medial temporal lobectomy produced retrograde amnesia only for those events that occurred in the few years just before his surgery, it was suggested that memories are temporarily stored in the hippocampus until they can be transferred to a more stable cortical store. This theory became known as _____ theory.
A. Hebb’s reconsolidation
B. the multiple-trace
C. the hippocampal-cortical
D. the standard consolidation
d
A change in the brain that stores memory is known as:
A. reconsolidation.
B. an engram.
C. a penumbra.
D. an infarct.
b
The _____________________ hypothesis holds that each time a memory is retrieved from long-term storage, it becomes labile.
A. consolidation
B. engram
C. reconsolidation
D. global amnesia
c
In the ________________________ task a monkey is presented with a distinctive object (the sample object), under which it finds food. Then, after a specified delay, the monkey is presented with two test objects: a sample object and an unfamiliar object. The monkey must select an unfamiliar object to receive a food reward.
A. delayed nonmatching-to-sample
B. nondelayed matching-to-sample
C. delayed matching-to-sample
D. repetition priming
a
_____ developed the version of the delayed nonmatching-to-sample test for rats that most closely resembles the version for monkeys.
A. Squire
B. Mumby
C. Nadel
D. Barnes
b
Almost all studies of hippocampal lesions in monkeys and humans entail damage to large portions of the ____________ in addition to the hippocampus.
A. basal forebrain
B. rhinal cortex
C. mumby nuclei
D. mediodorsal nuclei of the thalamus
b
The results of delayed nonmatching-to-sample tests indicate that combined bilateral lesions of the hippocampus, amygdala, and medial temporal cortex have similar effects on memory in humans, monkeys, and rats – namely:
A. major deficits at all but the shortest retention intervals.
B. minor deficits but only at the shortest retention intervals.
C. major deficits at all but the longest retention intervals.
D. minor deficits but only at the longest retention intervals.
a
Selective bilateral removal of the hippocampus without damaging adjacent medial temporal lobe structures produces ____________ on the delayed nonmatching-to-sample test and other tests of object recognition.
A. no deficits
B. improvements
C. severe deficits
D. modest deficits
d
Place and grid cells are found in the _____ and attest to the structure’s role in _____ processing.
A. hippocampus; emotional
B. hippocampus; spatial
C. amygdala; spatial
D. amygdala; emotional
b
In the ____________________ water maze, intact rats placed at various locations in a circular pool of murky water rapidly learn to swim to a stationary platform hidden just below the surface.
A. Morris
B. Mumby
C. murky
D. radial
a
