Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC3410 > Chapter 12 - Hunger, Eating and Health > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Hunger, Eating and Health Flashcards

1
Q

Much of the work of breaking down the food we ingest is done by our:
A. gut microbiome.
B. stomach.
C. esophagus.
D. teeth.

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most of the body’s energy reserves are stored as:
A. protein.
B. glycogen.
C. fats.
D. pepsin.

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The two pancreatic hormones that control the flow of energy during the three phases of energy metabolism are:
A. thyroxine and insulin.
B. inhibin and glucagon.
C. insulin and glucagon.
D. glucagon and secretin.

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The _________________ phase is the preparatory phase; it often begins with the sight, smell, or even just the thought of food.
A. cephalic
B. expulsion
C. fasting
D. absorptive

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In contrast to the cephalic and absorptive phases, the fasting phase is characterized by high blood levels of _____________ and low levels of ___________.
A. insulin; pepsin
B. insulin; glucagon
C. glucagon; insulin
D. pepsin; insulin

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

All set-point systems have three components: a set-point mechanism, a detector mechanism, and a(n) ___________ mechanism.
A. negative feedback
B. translating
C. stabilizing
D. effector

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Negative feedback systems are common in mammals because they act to maintain:
A. body fat.
B. homeostasis.
C. blood glucose levels.
D. body temperature.

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The glucostatic theory was thought to account for __________________, whereas the lipostatic theory was thought to account for _____________________.
A. meal initiation and termination; long-term regulation
B. long-term regulation; meal initiation and termination
C. meal termination; meal initiation
D. meal initiation; meal termination

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Set-point theories of hunger and eating are limited because they consider only ____ influences on hunger and eating.
A. social
B. evolutionary
C. learning
D. physiological

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The anticipated pleasure of a behavior is called its:
A. behavioral salience.
B. positive-incentive value.
C. incentive salience.
D. gratification value.

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In the classic study by Harris et al. (1933), when thiamine-deficient rats were offered 10 new diets, only one of which contained the badly needed thiamine:
A. all of them developed an immediate preference for the thiamine-rich diet.
B. almost all of them learned to eat the thiamine-rich diet and avoid the deficient diets.
C. they were equally likely to eat each of the 10 new diets.
D. few developed a preference for the thiamine-rich diet.

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

According to Woods, the key to understanding feelings of hunger is to appreciate that eating meals:
A. results in satiety.
B. stresses the body.
C. often leads to a conditioned aversion.
D. satisfies the body.

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In the classic study by Weingarten, the rats ____________ each time the buzzer and light were presented during the test phase.
A. exhibited conditioned fear
B. vomited
C. avoided the food
D. ate

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In sham-eating experiments, food is chewed and swallowed by the subjects, but rather than passing down the esophagus into their stomachs, it goes directly:
A. out of the body through a tube.
B. into their intestines.
C. into their colons.
D. into their bloodstream.

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Portion size is _____ correlated with the amount eaten.
A. positively
B. perfectly
C. not
D. negatively

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Evidence suggests that the intention to start eating triggers a decline in blood glucose. Which observation supports this view?
A. The glucose levels in the extracellular fluids that surround CNS neurons greatly decline just after eating commences.
B. If an expected meal is not served, blood glucose rarely returns to its previous level.
C. Eliminating the premeal drop in blood glucose eliminates the meal.
D. A rapid decline in blood glucose occurs just before eating commences.

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

One phase of the syndrome that results from lesions to the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is the _____ phase,
A. cephalic
B. absorptive
C. dynamic
D. homeostasis

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Koopmans (1981) transplanted an extra stomach and length of intestine into rats and then joined the major arteries and veins of the implants to the recipients’ circulatory systems. He found that food injected into the transplanted stomach and kept there by a noose around the pyloric sphincter:
A. produced a conditioned taste aversion for the injected food.
B. did not affect eating.
C. decreased eating in proportion to both its caloric content and volume.
D. increased eating in proportion to both its caloric content and volume.

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

______ is considered to be a hunger peptide.
A. Somatostatin
B. Bombesin
C. Neuropeptide Y
D. Glucagon

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In studies done in rats, serotonin:
A. enabled rats to resist the powerful attraction of highly palatable cafeteria diets.
B. shifted food preferences toward fatty foods.
C. increased the amount of food consumed during each meal rather than increasing the number of meals.
D. reduced the volume of food consumed during each meal by shifting food preferences toward fatty foods.

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Average adult Okinawans were found to consume _________ percent _____ calories than other adult Japanese.
A. 20; more
B. 20; fewer
C. 50; more
D. 50; fewer

A

b

22
Q

There is no longer a logical imperative for set-point models that explain eating behavior among humans because:
A. maintaining homeostasis is necessary only for non-human mammals.
B. the human brain is plastic and capable of considerable adaptation.
C. the human brain is immutable and energy resources must be regulated.
D. the thermostat-regulated heating system analogy accurately reflects humans’ motivation to eat.

A

b

23
Q

The mechanism by which the body adjusts the efficiency of its energy utilization in response to its levels of body fat has been termed:
A. fat-induced thermogenesis.
B. diet-induced thermogenesis.
C. energy use–induced homeostasis.
D. body fat–induced homeostasis.

A

b

24
Q

The settling-point model predicts that when there is an enduring change in one of the parameters that affect body weight, body weight will
A. drift to a new settling point.
B. disrupt homeostasis.
C. change precipitously.
D. find a new set point.

A

a

25
Q

In the leaky-barrel model, the weight of the barrel on the hose is analogous to the strength of the
A. need to defecate.
B. hunger signal.
C. satiety signal.
D. settling point.

A

c

26
Q

During the course of evolution, one of the main threats to human survival was ______________. Persons who stood the best chance of survival were those ____________.
A. animal predators; who were lean and could ambulate quickly
B. extreme cold; who were heavier and had a protective layer of body fat
C. the presence of vegetation that was toxic if eaten; who ate only meat
D. inconsistent food supplies; who preferred high-calorie foods

A

d

27
Q

Some people eat more because they have larger ______________ responses to the sight or smell of food.
A. fasting-phase
B. absorptive-phase
C. gastric-phase
D. cephalic-phase

A

d

28
Q

Activities such as fidgeting and the maintenance of posture and muscle tone collectively lead to what is known as:
A. nonexercise activity–induced homeostasis.
B. nonexercise activity thermogenesis.
C. diet-induced thermogenesis.
D. the fasting phase.

A

b

29
Q

There is a general belief that exercise is the most effective method of losing weight. Several studies have shown that exercise:
A. often contributes little to weight loss.
B. reduces nonexercise activity-induced homeostasis.
C. almost always contributes substantially to weight loss.
D. almost always increases weight gain.

A

a

30
Q

With respect to the surgical treatment of extreme overweight, gastric bypass is ____ effective than the adjustable gastric band procedure and is associated with _____ complications.
A. less; fewer
B. more; more
C. less; more
D. more; fewer

A

b

31
Q

Anorexia nervosa is a disorder that involves:
A. underconsumption.
B. overconsumption.
C. bingeing.
D. excessive weight gain.

A

a

32
Q

Bulimia nervosa is a disorder that involves:
A. bingeing and purging.
B. paranoia.
C. psychosis.
D. excessive anxiety in social situations.

A

a

33
Q

Both anorexics and bulimics tend to have:
A. distorted body images.
B. excessive weight gain.
C. the ability to maintain strict diets.
D. paranoid schizophrenia.

A

a

34
Q

Studies have found that the positive-incentive value of various tastes is ___________ in anorexic patients than in control participants.
A. more likely to be absent
B. higher
C. lower
D. more variable

A

c

35
Q

The case of the anorexic student illustrated the role of _________________ in the etiology of anorexia.
A. punishment
B. stimulus anticipation
C. the high positive incentive value of food
D. conditioned taste aversions

A

d

36
Q

The phase of energy metabolism that often begins with the sight, the smell, or even the thought of food is the _____ phase.
A. fasting
B. cephalic
C. absorptive
D. luteal

A

b

37
Q

The fasting phase is characterized by high blood levels of:
A. glucose.
B. glucagon.
C. carbohydrates.
D. insulin.

A

b

38
Q

During the cephalic and absorptive phases, the _______ releases a large amount of insulin into the bloodstream.
A. adrenal glands
B. pancreas
C. liver
D. kidneys

A

b

39
Q

According to conventional set-point theories, the hunger- and weight-regulation system works like:
A. a thermostat-controlled heating system.
B. conditioned taste aversion.
C. an infusion pump.
D. a leaky barrel.

A

a

40
Q

Small amounts of food can increase appetite, an effect that is often called:
A. the appetizer effect.
B. conditioned satiety.
C. anorexia.
D. purging.

A

a

41
Q

Cafeteria diets are usually associated with substantial weight gain because satiety is:
A. fleeting.
B. sensory specific.
C. temporary.
D. enduring.

A

b

42
Q

The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) was once believed to be:
A. a hunger center.
B. a satiety center.
C. static.
D. part of the hippocampus.

A

b

43
Q

In 1940, it was discovered that large bilateral electrolytic lesions to the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of rats produced:
A. aphagia.
B. adipsia.
C. excessive thirst.
D. hyperphagia.

A

d

44
Q

Patients with Prader-Willi syndrome suffer from:
A. an inability to digest fats.
B. insatiable hunger.
C. anorexia nervosa.
D. bulimia.

A

b

45
Q

An untreated patient with Prader-Willi syndrome acts as if they are:
A. anorexic.
B. bulimic.
C. pathologically obese.
D. starving.

A

d

46
Q

Slim people who overeat tend to:
A. experience negative health effects despite the absence of immediate weight gain.
B. experience moderate health benefits due to their high metabolic rates.
C. experience significant positive health benefits, as long as they consume only healthy foods.
D. experience no negative or positive effects.

A

a

47
Q

Body fat releases a hormone called:
A. leptin.
B. insulin.
C. glucagon.
D. glycogen.

A

a

48
Q

Neuropeptide Y is considered to be a ____________ peptide.
A. satiety
B. positive incentive
C. hunger
D. obesity

A

c

49
Q

Serotonin __________ have been used to reduce eating and body weight.
A. antagonists
B. blockers
C. agonists
D. facilitators

A

c

50
Q

Unlike anorexic patients, bulimic patients:
A. maintain a distorted body image.
B. exhibit behaviors that are highly correlated with obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression.
C. struggle with controlling their appetite and thus enter into a cycle of starvation, bingeing, and purging.
D. engage in dieting.

A

c

PSYC3410 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions