Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANSC 301: Anatomy > Lymphoid & Epithelial structures > Flashcards

Lymphoid & Epithelial structures Flashcards

1
Q

which two types of leukocytes are found in lymph nodes

A

Lymphocytes & macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the structures that lymph flows as it enters and then leaves a lymph node

A
  • The subcapsular sinus drains to the trabecular sinuses
  • The trabecular sinuses empty into the medullary
    sinuses
  • The lymph flows out of the medullary sinuses via the
    efferent lymph vessels
  • The concave side of the lymph node is called the hilus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the main cell type in germinal centers of lymph nodes?

A

B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which type of white blood cells are most common in the outer (superficial) cortex; the deeper (paracortex) cortex; the medulla?

A
  • Outer (superficial) cortex:
    o B cells
  • Depper (paracortex) cortex:
    o T lymphocytes
  • Medulla:
    o Plasma cells
    o Macrophages
    o B cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What three lymph nodes drain the head?

A
  • Parotid lymphocenter
  • Mandibular lympyhocenter
  • Retropharyngeal lymphocenter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which lymph node drains the first three mammary glands in the dog

A

axillary lymph node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which lymph nodes drain the udder of a cow

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which structures are drained by the thoracic duct

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes

a. Along the trachea
b. Drains the deep/ventral structures of the neck to
the thoracic duct on the left side or the lymphatic
duct on the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which structures are drained by the right lymphatic duct

A

Right and left tracheal (jugular) trunks

a. Travel along the trachea and drain the lymph nodes
of the head/neck
b. Empty into the thoracic duct on the left side, the
right lymphatic duct or the vessels of the thoracic
inlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what structures drain into the visceral trunk (3 lymphocenters)

A

Drains the celiac, cranial and caudal mesenteric lymphocenters to the cisterna chyli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what side of the body is the spleen on?

A

left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is an ellipsoid? What is another name for it?

A

Sheathed capillaries aka “ellipsoid”

  • Surrounded by open-filled spaces of the splenic cord
  • Accumulations by B lymphocytes & macrophages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what specific site of the spleen does erythrocyte phagocytosis occur?

A

splenic cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what branch of the aorta supplies the spleen?

A

splenic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

difference between red pulp and white pulp of the spleen

A

Red pulp:
- Makes up the bulk of the spleen

White pulp:
- Lymphatic tissue
- Forms nodules and sheaths of lymphocytes around
arteries and arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

marginal zone

A
  • Adjacent to the pulp
  • Most blood enters the red pulp in the marginal zone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which organ in the lymphoid system filters blood

A

spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

organ is the primary lymphatic organ of mammals?

A

thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the main type of lymphocyte found in germinal centers? What is produced by germinal centers?

A
  • B-lymphocytes are the main lymphocyte found in germinal centers
  • Antibody secreting plasma cells & memory B cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Do germinal centers form in the thymus?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the three principle cell types found in the thymus?

A
  • Thymocytes
  • Macrophages
  • Epithelio-reticular cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are Hassal’s corpuscles? What organ are they found in?

A

Hassal’s corpuscles: concentric mass of epithelial cells

  • Only present in mammals
  • Located in the thymus
23
Q

What are the 5 layers of stratified squamous epithelium?

A
  • Stratum corneum (horned layer)
  • Stratum lucidum (clear layer)
  • Stratum granulosum (grainy layer)
  • Stratum spinosum (spiny layer)
  • Stratum basale (basal layer)
24
Q

what are the 2 layers of skin? How are they different?

A

Epidermis & dermis

  • The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin and contains no blood cells or nerves
  • The dermis is the inner layer of the skin and contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles, and muscle fibers
25
Q

What are the 5 layers of epidermis (in the skin)? Know their key features

A
26
Q

what are the 2 main types of dermal glands? Which one are mammary glands derived from?

A
  • sweat glands and sebaceous glands
    o mammary glands are derived from sweat glands
27
Q

what are the 2 types of sweat glands, and how are they different?

A
  • Eccrine sweat gland:
    o Small, widely distributed glands
    o Mechanism for cooling
  • Apocrine sweat gland:
    o Larger
    o Oily and foamy secretions
    o Most common in the groin, axilla and scrotum of dogs and cats
    o Most numerous in the horse
    o This is the most common type of sweat gland in domestic animals
28
Q

what are the 5 types of sensory receptors in the dermis of the skin?

A
  • Merkel cells- respond to very light pressure
    o Found in small numbers near the stratum basale
  • Meissner’s corpuscles (tactile corpuscles) are sensitive to touch and are found in delicate areas such as the lips and fingertips (2)
  • Pacinian corpuscles detect pressure, vibrations
    o Lamellated
    o Rapidly adapting
  • Ruffini corpuscles
    o Slowly adapting
    o Stretch (4)
  • Free nerve endings sense pain, heat and cold, as well as touch (1)
    o Rapidly adapting
29
Q

what are the three parts of a hair (cross section).

A
  • Outer cuticle:
    o single layer of flat keratinized cells
  • Cortex:
    o compact dead cell layer under the cuticle
  • Medulla:
    o central region of the shaft, cuboidal or flat cells
30
Q

what is the difference between wool and hair

A
  • Wool (compound follicle):
    o several hairs emerge from a single opening
    o Found in dog, cat, sheep (wool growing areas)
    o Consists of a long principal (guard) hair and a number of smaller (wool) hairs, little medulla
  • Hair ((Single (simple) follicle)):
    o one hair emerges from a single opening
    o Found in horse, cattle, pig and sheep
31
Q

How many teats are on each quarter (normally)?

A

4 depending on species

32
Q

each species, know how many teats there are and what location (thoraco, abdomino, inguinal) they are in.

A
  • Bitch: 10 (thoracoabdominoinguinal)
  • Queen: 8 (thoracoabdominal)
  • Sow: 10-18 (Thoracoabdominoinguinal)
  • Goat/sheep: 2 (inguinal)
  • Mare: 2 (inguinal)
33
Q

what are 5 components of the suspensory system of the bovine udder

A
  • Skin/superficial fascia
  • 4-quarter attachment
    o Coarse cord like tissue
  • Sub pelvic tendon
  • Lateral suspensory ligament
    o Superficial & deep
  • Median suspensory ligament
    o (most important)
34
Q

where, specifically, is milk produced

A

produced in the alveoli

35
Q

what are the 4 lymph nodes that drain the bovine udder

A
  • subiliac lymph node
  • mammary superficial inguinal lymph node
  • ischial lymph node
  • deep inguinal lymph node
36
Q

difference between hypsodont and brachydont teeth. Know which animals have which?

A

Brachydont teeth: (low-crowned)
- the simple teeth of man, carnivores, pig, ruminant incisors and horse deciduous incisors.
- They consist of a crown, neck, and root.

Hypsodont teeth:
- the teeth having no distinct neck, as seen in all permanent horse teeth, the ruminant cheek teeth, and the tusks of pigs.
- Apart from the horse’s canine teeth, they continue to erupt throughout life.

37
Q

three substances that compose teeth, and their location in brachydont teeth and hypsodont teeth

A
  • Cementum: a thin, bone-like covering
    o Low-crowned (brachydont) teeth:
     the cementum covers the root only.
    o High-crowned (hypsodont) teeth:
     covers the entire tooth, superficial to the
    enamel
  • Enamel: the hardest substance in the body
    o Densely calcified tissue; acellualar
    o Low-crowned (brachydont) teeth:
     the enamel covers only the crown.
    o High-crowned (hypsodont) teeth:
     enamel envelops the body (crown & body), but
    not the root.
  • Dentin:
    o a hard substance similar to bone forming the bulk of the tooth and surrounding the pulp cavity.
    o Calcified, yet collagen-rich
38
Q

different types of teeth (e.g. incisor, etc.)

A
  • Incisors
  • Canines
  • Premolars
  • molars
39
Q

Know the directional terms used to describe the surfaces of teeth

A
40
Q

when Galvayne’s groove first appears in the equine mouth?

A

Galvayne’s groove appears around age 10yrs old in the equine mouth

41
Q

Memorize the dental formula of the dog and horse (permanent) and dog (deciduous)

A

dental formula (HORSE):
permanent- 2(I 3/3 C 1(0)/1(0) P 3(4)/3 M) = 36-42

dental formula (DOG):
deciduous- 2(I 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/3)= 28

42
Q

Arrector pili

A

Smooth muscle fibers that can contract to pull the hair perpendicular to the skin surface by the nervous system in times of stress or cold

43
Q

Teat cistern

A

“Teat sinus”- the large milk storage cavity within the teat and the glandular body

44
Q

Gland cistern

A

“Udder”

45
Q

Intermammary groove

A

external groove separating the two halves of the udder

46
Q

Streak canal

A

“Teat canal”

  • duct leading from the teat sinus to the teat opening
  • stratified squamous epithelium
  • cells produce a sebaceous plug in the teat canal
47
Q

White line

A
48
Q

Stratum externum of hoof

A
49
Q

Dental cup

A
50
Q

Dental star

A

pulp cavity; first appears ~ 8 y

51
Q

PULP

A

the soft tissue filling the pulp cavity, including sensory nerves, arteries, veins, lymphatics, and primitive connective tissue

52
Q

CUSP

A

the individual bumps on the occlusal (chewing) surface of teeth

53
Q

alveoli

A

the bony sockets of the incisive, mandible, and maxillary bones in which the root” of teeth are embedded.

ANSC 301: Anatomy (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions