Liver

Question 1

which part of the liver contains the renal impression of the right kidney?

Answer 1

Caudate lobe <-> caudate process

Question 2

what liver lobes in the dog and the pig?

Answer 2

Dog & cat: (4 lobes)
- Left (medial/lateral lobes)
- Right (medial/lateral lobes)
- Quadrate lobe (between right & left lobes)
- Caudate lobe
- Papillary process (NOT present in pig)
- Caudate process: most caudal region of the liver
- Has renal impression (NOT present in pig)

Pig:
- Left lobe (medial/lateral)
- Quadrate lobe
- Right lobe (medial/lateral)
- Caudate lobe
- caudate process
- NO papillary process

Question 3

which cell is the functional cell of the liver?

Answer 3

Hepatocytes

Question 4

what are the structures found in the portal triad?

Answer 4

• Branch of the Portal vein
• Branch of the Hepatic artery
• Bile ductule
• Often find a lymphatic as well

Question 5

what kind of epithelium is found in the bile ductule?

Answer 5

Simple cuboidal (smaller ducts) epithelium to stratified columnar (larger ducts)

Question 6

which branch of the abdominal aorta supplies the liver and pancreas?

Answer 6

celiac artery

Question 7

what is the differences between portal circulation and caval circulation?

Answer 7

Portal circulation:
Arteries -> capillaries -> veins -> portal vein -> hepatic sinusoids -> vena cava -> heart

Caval circulation:
Arteries -> capillaries -> veins -> vena cava -> heart

Question 8

which veins supply blood to the portal vein?

Answer 8

Hepatic portal system

Question 9

which cells make bile?

Answer 9

hepatocytes

Question 10

what is the path of bile flow from canaliculi to gall bladder (periphery to center or center to periphery?)

Answer 10

Travel from the center to the periphery of the lobular opposite the direction of blood flow, where they join to form interlobular ducts

Question 11

which species of animal does not have a gall bladder?

Answer 11

horses & rats

Question 12

function of bile

Answer 12

• Liquid secretion of the liver cells into the duct system of
  the liver
• Important for the digestion of fat and lipids

Question 13

Bile canaliculi

Answer 13

• small tubes which collect bile from the hepatocytes
• surround the hepatocytes
• from the center to the periphery of the lobular opposite the
  direction of blood flow, where they join to form interlobular
  ducts

Question 14

relationship between the common hepatic duct, the cystic duct, the common bile duct, and the pancreatic duct?

Answer 14

Cystic duct:
- Connects the gall bladder with the hepatic ducts
- Together, these make the bile duct
- Allows bile to enter for storage
- Allows bile to be discharged for digestion

Common bile duct:
- duct formed by the junction of the hepatic ducts and the
cystic duct
- Travels in the lesser omentum to enter the duodenum
- Joined by the pancreatic duct and both open on the major
duodenal papilla

Hepatic duct:
- 3-5 ducts that leave the porta to join with the cystic duct

Pancreatic duct:
- A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct

Question 15

difference between the exocrine and endocrine pancreas (form and function)

Answer 15

Exocrine pancreas:
- secreted into a duct system to the small intestine

Endocrine pancreas:
- enter blood directly

Question 16

functional cell of the exocrine pancreas

Answer 16

Acinar cells:
- arranged into blind-ended acini
- Cells have a basophilic basal region and an eosinophilic
apical region
- basic secretory unit of the pancreas

Question 17

zymogen

Answer 17

precursor forms of digestive enzymes

• Stored in vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus
• Held until there is a signal to release them via exocytosis

Question 18

Where does the pancreatic duct join the intestinal tract?

Answer 18

The tube opening with the bile duct on the major duodenal papilla -> duodenum

Question 19

Hepatocytes

Answer 19

• “bricks” which make up the hepatic cord’s “wall”
• Synthesizes proteins and lipids for export
• also store lipid and glycogen

Question 20

Kupffer cells

Answer 20

• Phagocytic
• Ingest particulate matter that passes through the
  sinusoids (especial bacterial and old red blood cells)
• Present in space of disse

Question 21

Canaliculi

Answer 21

small tubes that receive bile from hepatocytes

Question 22

Space of disse

Answer 22

• perisinusoidal space
• space between a hepatocyte and a sinusoid
• Exchange between hepatocytes and blood flow takes
  place
• Contains Ito cells (fat storage cells), aka stellate cell
• Collects lymph for delivery to lymphatic capillaries