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ANSC 301: Anatomy > Forelimb Musculoskeletal Structure > Flashcards

Forelimb Musculoskeletal Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle is the clavicle embedded in?

A

Embedded in the brachiocephalicus muscle, cranial to the shoulder joint

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2
Q

glenoid cavity

A
  • distal end of the scapula
  • articulates with the head of the humerus
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3
Q

scapular spine

A

ends at the acromion
- lateral surface of the scapula

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4
Q

acromion

A

a process of the distal end of the spine
- NOT PRESENT in horse & pig

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5
Q

supraspinous fossa*

A

cranial to the spine

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6
Q

infraspinous fossa*

A

caudal to the spine

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7
Q

scabscapular fossa*

A

most of the medial surface

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8
Q

supraglenoid tubercle*

A

process near the cranial aspect of the glenoid cavity

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9
Q

infraglenoid tubercle*

A

process near the caudal aspect of the glenoid cavity

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10
Q

greater tubercle*

A

large process craniolateral to the head

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11
Q

lesser tubercule*

A

process on the medial side of the head

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12
Q

intertubercular groove

A

between and the greater & lesser tubercule

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13
Q

deltoid tuberosity*

A

large tuberosity on the the lateral side of the humerus

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14
Q

humeral condyle

A

the entire distal extremity of the humerus
- includes trochlea & capitulum

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15
Q

olecranon fossa*

A

the caudal aspect that receives the olecranon of the ulna

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16
Q

radial fossa*

A

cranial aspect that receives the head of the radius

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17
Q

trochlea*

A

medial portion of the condyle (larger); articular surface

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18
Q

capitulum*

A

the lateral portion of the condyle (smaller); the articular surface

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19
Q

supratrochlear foramen

A

the hole between the olecranon fossa & radial fossa
- found in the dog

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20
Q

supracondylar foramen

A
  • opening in the medial epicondyle of the CAT
  • median nerve & brachial artery ass through it
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21
Q

styloid process of the ulna*

A

pointed distal end of the ulna

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22
Q

styloid process of the radius*

A

the distal end, medial of the radius

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23
Q

olecranon

A

the proximal part of the ulna forms the “point” of the elbow
- attachment site of the triceps brachii muscle

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24
Q

trochlear notch

A

articulates with the trochlea of the humerus
- proximal end, half-moon shaped, concave articular surface

25
Q

anconeal process

A

proximal end of the trochlear notch

26
Q

coronoid process

A

distal end of the trochlear notch
- medial & lateral divisons

27
Q

interosseous space

A

between the ulna & radius

28
Q

where does the extensors and flexor muscles of the forearm attach to the humerus?

A

extensor muscles attach -> lateral epicondyle
flexor muscles attach -> medial epicondyle

29
Q

what species of animal has a supracondylar foramen?

A

cat

30
Q

what species of animal has a supratrochlear foramen?

A

dog

31
Q

what species of animal has an intermediate tubercle?

A

horse

shin splints*

32
Q

difference between pronation & supination? why are horses and ruminants not capable of either?

A

pronation: to rotate outward (thumbs go inward to downward)

supination: to rotate inward (thumbs go inward to outward)

33
Q

the typical carpal pattern of the 8 bones? What is the difference between species?

A

carpal bones:
1. proximal row: radial, intermediate, ulnar, accessory
2. distal row: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th carpal bones

  • 7 small, irregular bones (carnivore), fused radio intermediate bone
  • pig = 8 bones
  • horse = 7
    • 4 in proximal row
    • 3 in distal row
34
Q

what are the carpal structures that form the border of the carpal canal?

A
  • accessory carpal bone (laterally)
  • other carpal bones (dorsally)
  • flexor retinaculum (palmar)
35
Q

what 2 nerves run through the carpal canal?

A

ulnar & median nerves

36
Q

which digits are weighting bearing for the horse & pig?

A

digits III & IV

37
Q

what is the skeletal structure of the horses’ forelimbs?

A

WORK ON THIS ONE
- fetlock joint
- pastern joint
- coffin joint
- navicular bursa

38
Q

what ligaments are responsible for keeping claws retracted in cats?

A

Dorsal ligaments (3, carnivores):
keep the claw retracted in cats

39
Q

what ligaments prevent abnormal separation of the two digits in cattle?

A

Proximal/distal interdigital ligaments (cow):
prevents abnormal separation of the two digits

40
Q

difference between extrinsic & intrinsic muscles?

A

extrinsic muscles: Muscles that attach the forelimb to some other part of the body (head, neck or trunk)

intrinsic muscles: Muscles having both attachments on the limb

41
Q

What superficial muscle originates on the spine of the scapula and inserts on the dorsal neck/thorax?

A

trapezius muscle

42
Q

What superficial muscle originates on the spine of the scapula and extends to the atlas? Is it proximal or distal to the trapezius?

A

Omotransversarius:

  • proximal to the trapezius muscle
43
Q

What long flat superficial muscle extends from the head/neck to the arm? What are the 2 divisions of this muscle (as demarcated by the clavicular insertion)?

A

Brachiocephalicus
i. Cleidobrachialis (2’)
ii. Cleidocephalicus (2)

44
Q

What extrinsic muscle of the shoulder originates on the dorsal border of the scapula and inserts on the dorsal neck/thorax/skull?

A

rhomboideus

45
Q

What extrinsic muscle of the shoulder supports the weight of the trunk?

A

Serratus ventralis

46
Q

What two muscles make up the “brisket” in beef cattle?

A

Deep pectoral & superficial pectoral

47
Q

Is the teres major on the caudal or cranial aspect of the limb?

A

Caudal aspect of the limb
i. Flexes the shoulder

48
Q

Is the subscapularis on the lateral or medial aspect of the limb?

A

Medial aspect
i. Abducts the shoulder

49
Q

What are the 4 heads of the triceps brachii? What is its action on the elbow?

A

Extends the elbow/flexes the shoulder
i. Caput longum
ii. Caput laterale
iii. Caput mediale
iv. Caput accessorium

50
Q

Is the biceps brachii on the cranial or caudal aspect of the humerus? What is its action on the elbow?

A

Proximocaudal surface of the humerus. And it flexes the elbow

51
Q

Where do the extensor muscles of the carpus and digit originate?

A

Originate on/near the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

52
Q

What is the most medial of the dorsolateral muscles of the forearm?

A

Extensor carpi radialis

53
Q

Where does the common digital extensor insert?

A

Long muscle from the humerus to the digital phalanges (tendon for each digit)

54
Q

Where does the lateral digital extensor insert?

A

From the proximal radius to the middle phalanges

55
Q

Where do the flexor muscles of the carpus and digit originate? Are they caudal or craniolateral?

A

Originate the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
i. craniolateral

56
Q

Which of the caudal antebrachial muscles are innervated by the median nerve and is the most medial of the group?

A

Flexor carpi radialis
i. Flex the carpus & digits

57
Q

Know the structures of the stay apparatus of the equine forelimb. Know how they function to stabilize the limb.

A

a. Collateral ligaments
b. Tendon of the extensor carpi radialis muscle
c. Prevent hyperextension of the fetlock & pastern
d. Biceps brachii has more connective tissue
i. Lacertus fibrosus

58
Q

where are the extensors and flexor muscles of the forearm attached to the humerus?

A

extensor muscles -> sternum to the humerus

flexor muscles ->

ANSC 301: Anatomy (23 decks)

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