Female & male reproductive anatomy Flashcards
Ovarian bursa
small peritoneal cavity that surrounds the mesovarium & mesosalpinx
Ovulation fossa
HORSES
one edge of the ovary containing (ovulation fossa) where the eggs are shed
Corpus hemorrhagicum
small hemorrhage or blood clotted area that develops at the site of a rupture follicle
Corpus luteum
yellow body of cells that develops the place of the corpus hemorrhagicum & produces progesterone/temporary endocrine organ
Corpus albicans
a white body of connective tissue = degeneration & resorption of luteal tissue (“scars”)
Intercornual ligament
: dorsal & ventral ligaments connecting the uterine horns in the cow & ewe
Cervix
thick walled & elastic, holds the fetus in the uterus, transition between uterus and vagina, obstacle for sperm migration
Fornix
360 degree blind-ended pocket around the cervical opening
Vestibule
part of the reproductive tract belonging to urinary & genital systems, connects vagina and vulva, stratified squamous epithelium
Placentome
caruncle & cotyledon together
Caruncle
(uterus) makes up the maternal component of the placenta
Cotyledon:
dot-shaped looking; transmits fetal blood & allow the exchange of oxygen and nutrients with the maternal blood
Spermatogonia
undergo merosis to produce hapoid spermatocytes
Cumulus oophorus
mechanical entrapment of spermatozoa and guide hyperactive spermatozoa toward the oocyte
cumulus cells
corona radiata
the innermost layer of the cells of the cumulus oophorus
tunica albuguinea
strong, white fibrous capsule enveloping the testicle provides structure
thecal cells
endocrine cells associated with ovarian follicles
vestibular glands
production of mucoid secretion that aids in the vaginal and vulvar lubrication
What is the primary female sex hormone? Which stage follicle produces it?
Estrogen -> early stage -> primordial follicle
What is the pregnancy-promoting hormone?
Progestogen
What is the primary female reproductive cell?
Oocyte (“egg”)
which species of animal has the ovarian cortex in the center
horses (mares)
characteristics of the primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary, and mature follicles
Primordial follicle: single layer of thin, squamous follicular
epithelium
Primary follicle: single layer of cuboidal epithelium
Secondary follicle: stratified epithelium
Tertiary follicle: larger & developed a fluid zone (antrum)
Mature follicle: continues to increase in size ->
produces/stores estrogen
- Antral follicle: creates the estrogen
what are the 4 segments of the oviduct and their characteristics
- Uterine tube: oviduct or fallopian tube
- Mesosalpinx (another name for oviduct)
- Site for fertilization
- Muscular tube running from the ovary to the tip of the uterine horn - Infundibulum:
- Expanded funnel shape ovarian end of the oviduct
- Males DO NOT have opening
- Abdominal opening to oviduct
- Contains fimbriae:
- Irregular, finger-like projections on the free edge of the
infundibulum - Ampulla:
- The infundibulum leads to the ampulla
- Longest, largest region of the oviduct
- Convoluted, ciliated epithelium
- Muscular outer wall (smooth muscle)
- Slows the movement of the oocyte - Isthmus:
- Distal portion of the oviduct
- Leads distally to the uterine horn
what are the the three layers of the uterus?
- Endometrium:
- epithelium and lamina propria
- Simple stratified cuboidal
- Deep uterine glands in the lamina propria - Myometrium:
- massive wall of smooth muscle
- 3 layers:- Two layers of longitudinal muscles
- One layer of circular muscle
- Perimetrium:
- Visceral peritoneum
which species have annular rings in their cervix
- Cows: 3-4 rings
- Ewes: 6-7 rings
- Site of sperm deposition in sows & mares*
which species have a funnel shaped cervix
- Sow
- Interdigitating pads
is the vagina acidic or basic
- pH = acidic (bacteriostatic)
- 2 layers of muscle: tunica muscularis
- Circular muscle
- Longitudinal muscle - Outer layer is serosa
- Stratified squamous epithelium (caudally)
- Ciliated columnar epithelium (cranially)
what is a suburethral diverticulum is and which species have them?
Suburethral diverticulum:
- Blind pocket
- May block urine from entering uterus
- Sow & cow
what are the three parts of the broad ligament?
- Mesovarium:
- The cranial part of the broad ligament attaching the ovary
to the dorsolateral abdominal wall - Mesosalphinx
- lateral fold arising from the mesovarium that holds the
uterine tube between its two layers
- the only portion of the broad ligament not directly attached
to the abdominal wall - mesometrium
- attaches the uterine horns and body to the dorsolateral
body wall
which structures the proper ovarian ligament connects
- Uterus
- Broad ligament
- Uterine vessels
- Round ligament of uterus
- Suspensory ligament of ovary
- Ovarian bursa
which structures the suspensory ligament of the ovary connects
Suspensory ligament:
- Part of the mesovarium
- Attaches the ovary to the last rib
- Must be broken down when spaying a bitch
what are the three fetal membranes and know which is closest to the fetus. Know their key features
- Innermost layer: amnion
- Embryonic membrane surrounding the amnionic cavity &
fetus
- Amniotic cavity – filled with amnionic fluid
- Provides a fluid environment that protects the fetus
- Baby is found within - Middle layer: allantois
- Provides the vasculature from the mother to the 2
membranes (chorion & amnion)
- Collects liquid waste from the fetus - Outermost: chorion
- Surrounding allantoic & amniotic cavity
- Fetal layer of the placenta
- Composed of 2 layers of cells:- Inner: cytotrophoblast
- Outer: syncytiotrophoblast
what are the 6 layers (three layers of the chorioallantois/three layers of the endometrium) which comprise the placenta
3 layers of the chorioallantois:
1. Fetal endothelium
- Lines the allantoic blood vessels
2. Fetal connective tissue
- Mesoderm surrounding the blood vessels
3.Chorionic epithelium
- Surface layer of the membrane
3 layers of the endometrium:
1.Maternal epithelium of the endometrium
2.Maternal connective tissue:
- surrounds the vessels of the endometrium
3.Maternal endothelium:
- lines the vessels of the endometrium
what are the difference between endotheliochorial and epitheliochorial placentas and which species they are found in
Horse, pig, and ruminants:
- Have all 6 layers (epithelialchorial placenta)
Carnivores:
- The maternal epithelium and connective tissue layers
are absent.
- The maternal endothelium directly contacts the
chorionic epithelium
- Endotheliochorial placenta
what is the difference between diffuse/cotyledonary/zonary placentas and which species they are found in
Diffuse placenta: horse & pig
- Blood vessels are everywhere on the placenta (very
red)
Cotyledonary placenta: ruminants
- Red dots found around the placenta
Zonary placenta: carnivores
- Broad red band around the fetus
what species has the cervical star?
horses –> allantoic surface
what are the two functions of the testes?
- produces both testosterone (male sex hormone) and spermatogonia
- Spermatogonia:
the male germ cell that differentiates into sperm - Testosterone:
the male sex hormone (androgen)
development of secondary male characteristics
libido
what are functions of the Sertoli cell. Know which cells are responsible for the blood testes barrier?
Sertoli cell: (sustentacular cell)
- “nurse” cell for developing spermatozoa
- Large nuclei
- The outermost portion of the tubule, against the outer layer
sustentacular cell: (blood-testes barrier)
- prevents immune response against developing spermatozoa & protects against harmful materials in the blood
what is the function of the Leydig (interstitial) cell
- “Leydig” cells
- produce testosterone
- cuboidal in shape
