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ANSC 301: Anatomy > Female & male reproductive anatomy > Flashcards

Female & male reproductive anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Ovarian bursa

A

small peritoneal cavity that surrounds the mesovarium & mesosalpinx

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2
Q

Ovulation fossa

A

HORSES
one edge of the ovary containing (ovulation fossa) where the eggs are shed

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3
Q

Corpus hemorrhagicum

A

small hemorrhage or blood clotted area that develops at the site of a rupture follicle

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4
Q

Corpus luteum

A

yellow body of cells that develops the place of the corpus hemorrhagicum & produces progesterone/temporary endocrine organ

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5
Q

Corpus albicans

A

a white body of connective tissue = degeneration & resorption of luteal tissue (“scars”)

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6
Q

Intercornual ligament

A

: dorsal & ventral ligaments connecting the uterine horns in the cow & ewe

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7
Q

Cervix

A

thick walled & elastic, holds the fetus in the uterus, transition between uterus and vagina, obstacle for sperm migration

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8
Q

Fornix

A

360 degree blind-ended pocket around the cervical opening

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9
Q

Vestibule

A

part of the reproductive tract belonging to urinary & genital systems, connects vagina and vulva, stratified squamous epithelium

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10
Q

Placentome

A

caruncle & cotyledon together

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11
Q

Caruncle

A

(uterus) makes up the maternal component of the placenta

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12
Q

Cotyledon:

A

dot-shaped looking; transmits fetal blood & allow the exchange of oxygen and nutrients with the maternal blood

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13
Q

Spermatogonia

A

undergo merosis to produce hapoid spermatocytes

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14
Q

Cumulus oophorus

A

mechanical entrapment of spermatozoa and guide hyperactive spermatozoa toward the oocyte

cumulus cells

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15
Q

corona radiata

A

the innermost layer of the cells of the cumulus oophorus

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16
Q

tunica albuguinea

A

strong, white fibrous capsule enveloping the testicle  provides structure

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17
Q

thecal cells

A

endocrine cells associated with ovarian follicles

18
Q

vestibular glands

A

production of mucoid secretion that aids in the vaginal and vulvar lubrication

19
Q

What is the primary female sex hormone? Which stage follicle produces it?

A

Estrogen -> early stage -> primordial follicle

20
Q

What is the pregnancy-promoting hormone?

A

Progestogen

21
Q

What is the primary female reproductive cell?

A

Oocyte (“egg”)

22
Q

which species of animal has the ovarian cortex in the center

A

horses (mares)

23
Q

characteristics of the primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary, and mature follicles

A

Primordial follicle: single layer of thin, squamous follicular
epithelium
Primary follicle: single layer of cuboidal epithelium
Secondary follicle: stratified epithelium
Tertiary follicle: larger & developed a fluid zone (antrum)
Mature follicle: continues to increase in size ->
produces/stores estrogen

   - Antral follicle: creates the estrogen
24
Q

what are the 4 segments of the oviduct and their characteristics

A
  1. Uterine tube: oviduct or fallopian tube
    - Mesosalpinx (another name for oviduct)
    - Site for fertilization
    - Muscular tube running from the ovary to the tip of the uterine horn
  2. Infundibulum:
    - Expanded funnel shape ovarian end of the oviduct
    - Males DO NOT have opening
    - Abdominal opening to oviduct
    - Contains fimbriae:
    - Irregular, finger-like projections on the free edge of the
    infundibulum
  3. Ampulla:
    - The infundibulum leads to the ampulla
    - Longest, largest region of the oviduct
    - Convoluted, ciliated epithelium
    - Muscular outer wall (smooth muscle)
    - Slows the movement of the oocyte
  4. Isthmus:
    - Distal portion of the oviduct
    - Leads distally to the uterine horn
25
Q

what are the the three layers of the uterus?

A
  1. Endometrium:
    - epithelium and lamina propria
    - Simple stratified cuboidal
    - Deep uterine glands in the lamina propria
  2. Myometrium:
    - massive wall of smooth muscle
    - 3 layers:
    • Two layers of longitudinal muscles
    • One layer of circular muscle
  3. Perimetrium:
    - Visceral peritoneum
26
Q

which species have annular rings in their cervix

A
  • Cows: 3-4 rings
  • Ewes: 6-7 rings
  • Site of sperm deposition in sows & mares*
27
Q

which species have a funnel shaped cervix

A
  • Sow
  • Interdigitating pads
28
Q

is the vagina acidic or basic

A
  • pH = acidic (bacteriostatic)
  • 2 layers of muscle: tunica muscularis
    - Circular muscle
    - Longitudinal muscle
  • Outer layer is serosa
  • Stratified squamous epithelium (caudally)
  • Ciliated columnar epithelium (cranially)
29
Q

what is a suburethral diverticulum is and which species have them?

A

Suburethral diverticulum:
- Blind pocket
- May block urine from entering uterus
- Sow & cow

30
Q

what are the three parts of the broad ligament?

A
  1. Mesovarium:
    - The cranial part of the broad ligament attaching the ovary
    to the dorsolateral abdominal wall
  2. Mesosalphinx
    - lateral fold arising from the mesovarium that holds the
    uterine tube between its two layers
    - the only portion of the broad ligament not directly attached
    to the abdominal wall
  3. mesometrium
    - attaches the uterine horns and body to the dorsolateral
    body wall
31
Q

which structures the proper ovarian ligament connects

A
  • Uterus
  • Broad ligament
  • Uterine vessels
  • Round ligament of uterus
  • Suspensory ligament of ovary
  • Ovarian bursa
32
Q

which structures the suspensory ligament of the ovary connects

A

Suspensory ligament:
- Part of the mesovarium
- Attaches the ovary to the last rib
- Must be broken down when spaying a bitch

33
Q

what are the three fetal membranes and know which is closest to the fetus. Know their key features

A
  1. Innermost layer: amnion
    - Embryonic membrane surrounding the amnionic cavity &
    fetus
    - Amniotic cavity – filled with amnionic fluid
    - Provides a fluid environment that protects the fetus
    - Baby is found within
  2. Middle layer: allantois
    - Provides the vasculature from the mother to the 2
    membranes (chorion & amnion)
    - Collects liquid waste from the fetus
  3. Outermost: chorion
    - Surrounding allantoic & amniotic cavity
    - Fetal layer of the placenta
    - Composed of 2 layers of cells:
    • Inner: cytotrophoblast
    • Outer: syncytiotrophoblast
34
Q

what are the 6 layers (three layers of the chorioallantois/three layers of the endometrium) which comprise the placenta

A

3 layers of the chorioallantois:
1. Fetal endothelium
- Lines the allantoic blood vessels
2. Fetal connective tissue
- Mesoderm surrounding the blood vessels
3.Chorionic epithelium
- Surface layer of the membrane

3 layers of the endometrium:
1.Maternal epithelium of the endometrium
2.Maternal connective tissue:
- surrounds the vessels of the endometrium
3.Maternal endothelium:
- lines the vessels of the endometrium

35
Q

what are the difference between endotheliochorial and epitheliochorial placentas and which species they are found in

A

Horse, pig, and ruminants:
- Have all 6 layers (epithelialchorial placenta)

Carnivores:
- The maternal epithelium and connective tissue layers
are absent.
- The maternal endothelium directly contacts the
chorionic epithelium
- Endotheliochorial placenta

36
Q

what is the difference between diffuse/cotyledonary/zonary placentas and which species they are found in

A

Diffuse placenta: horse & pig
- Blood vessels are everywhere on the placenta (very
red)

Cotyledonary placenta: ruminants
- Red dots found around the placenta

Zonary placenta: carnivores
- Broad red band around the fetus

37
Q

what species has the cervical star?

A

horses –> allantoic surface

38
Q

what are the two functions of the testes?

A
  • produces both testosterone (male sex hormone) and spermatogonia
  • Spermatogonia:
    the male germ cell that differentiates into sperm
  • Testosterone:
    the male sex hormone (androgen)
    development of secondary male characteristics
    libido
39
Q

what are functions of the Sertoli cell. Know which cells are responsible for the blood testes barrier?

A

Sertoli cell: (sustentacular cell)
- “nurse” cell for developing spermatozoa
- Large nuclei
- The outermost portion of the tubule, against the outer layer

sustentacular cell: (blood-testes barrier)
- prevents immune response against developing spermatozoa & protects against harmful materials in the blood

40
Q

what is the function of the Leydig (interstitial) cell

A
  • “Leydig” cells
  • produce testosterone
  • cuboidal in shape

ANSC 301: Anatomy (23 decks)

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