Eyes

Question 1

Limbus

Answer 1

junction of the sclera and cornea

Question 2

Tapetum lucidum

Answer 2

• the reflective eye of the cornea
• the reason why animals’ eyes glow at night when light is shined on them!
• NOT PRESENT:
  
  • pigs
  • rabbits
  • most bids
  • most primates (including man)

Question 3

pupil

Answer 3

the central opening of the iris that lets light into the eye

Question 4

Palpebral conjunctiva

Answer 4

lines the inner surface of the eyelid

Question 5

Bulbar conjunctiva

Answer 5

reflection of the palpebral conjunctiva onto the eyeball

Question 6

Conjunctival sac

Answer 6

space between palpebral conjunctiva and the eyeball

Question 7

Zonular fibers

Answer 7

• suspensory ligaments
• attach the lens to the ciliary body
• holds the lens into position and allows the shape of the lens to change due to the actions of the ciliary muscles

Question 8

cones

Answer 8

dendrites sensitive to color & sharpness of vision

Question 9

rods

Answer 9

dendrites sensitive to dim light (night vision) and shapes

Question 10

Blind spot

Answer 10

having no rods or cones

Question 11

cilia

Answer 11

eyelashes
- sebaceous & ciliary glands associated with the cilia

Question 12

lateral/medial canthus

Answer 12

• singular = canthus
• the point where eyelids meet
• lateral & medial angles are the areas near the canthi

Question 13

lacrimal caruncle

Answer 13

triangular prominence in the medial angle

Question 14

lacrimal gland

Answer 14

• pink gland
• dorsolateral aspect of the eyeball
• secretes tears

Question 15

lacrimal puncta

Answer 15

openings to lacrimal canals on upper & lower eyelids near the medial canthus

Question 16

Know the three tunics of the eyeball and know which structures are in them

Answer 16

1. fibrous tunic
   
   • sclera
   • cornea
   • limbus
2. vascular tunic
   
   • choroid
   • tapetum lucidum
   • ciliary body
   • iris
   • pupil
   • a major site of aqueous humor!!
3. nervous tunic
   
   • retina
   • optic disc
   • lens

Question 17

the location of the anterior chamber, posterior chamber and vitreous chamber

Answer 17

• anterior chamber: space between cornea & iris
• posterior chamber: space between iris & lens
• vitreous chamber: large space between lens & retina

Question 18

what type of fluid is found in the anterior chamber, posterior chamber and vitreous chamber?

Answer 18

• anterior & posterior chambers contain - aqueous humor
• vitreous chamber contains - vitreous humor

Question 19

primary site of production of the aqueous humor?

Answer 19

between the cornea & lens

Question 20

what are the extrinsic muscles of the eye and their functions?

Answer 20

• 4 rectus muscles (dorsal, ventral, medial, lateral)
• 2 oblique muscles (dorsal & ventral)
• retractor bulbi muscles

Question 21

what are the intrinsic muscles of the eye and their functions?

Answer 21

• pupillary sphincter
• pupillary dilator
• ciliary muscles
• deals with size of the pupil and lens shape

Question 22

what is the shape of the pupils of cats, dogs, and cattle?

Answer 22

• cats: vertical/elliptic
• dogs: round
• cattle: horizontal

Question 23

function of the tarsal (meibomian glands)

Answer 23

• secretion is waxy
• helps to form a dam for excessive tear secretion

Question 24

nictitating membrane’s features & function

Answer 24

third eyelid
- fold of conjunctiva, reinforced by T-shaped cartilage, located between eyelid’s medial angle and eyeball
- contains a gland that contributes to tear formation
- lacrimal gland!
- protect the eye