Avian Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between pneumatic and medullary bones?

(name 2 of each type)

A
  • pneumatic bone:
    hollow bones of the bird that connects to the respiratory system
  • medullary bone:
    provide calcium for the bird & 47% of the calcium goes
    to the eggshell
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2
Q

what are the parts of the pectoral girdle?

A
  • clavicle:
    • furculum =. pair of clavicles
      • “wishbone”
  • coracoid:
    • short bone extending from the sternum
  • scapula
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3
Q

How is the avian pelvis different from the mammalian?

A

a lot of the spine is fused with the pelvic bones

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4
Q

In the bird, which bone is larger, the ulna or radius

A

ulna

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5
Q

how many digits the bird has on the forelimb and the hind limb?

A

forelimb - 3 digits
hind limb - 4 digits

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6
Q

what are the function of the pectoralis and supracoracoideus muscles? And location to each other?

A

flight muscles!
pectoralis: pulls wings down
supracoracoideus: pulls wings up

  • main muscle masses attaching to sternum
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7
Q

Why is the body chamber of the bird known as the coelom?

A
  • ONLY has 1 chamber
  • NO separate abdomen & thorax
  • NO diaphragm
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8
Q

How is the avian trachea different from the mammalian?

A

longer & wider

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9
Q

How are the avian lungs different from the mammalian?

A
  • has a flow-through system with small air capillaries
  • lungs are rigid, with little expansion and contraction
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10
Q

what are the 8 air sacs found in chickens?

A
  • cervical (1)
  • clavicular (1)
  • cranial thoracic (2)
  • caudal thoracic (2)
  • abdominal (2)
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11
Q

where is the site of gas exchange in the bird’s lung?

A

between air capillaries & blood capillaries

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12
Q

what are the the four steps of the avian respiratory cycle?

A
  1. first inhalation: air passes into paired bronchi
  2. first expiration:
    • lungs fill with air from caudal air sacs
    • air from the lungs & cranial air sacs empties through
      trachea
  3. second inhalation:
    • stale air empties from the lungs into the cranial air
      sacs
  4. second expiration:
    • cranial air sacs expels out of the body
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13
Q

Which side of the body is the crop?

A

right

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14
Q

Which lobe of the liver is larger?

A

right lobe

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15
Q

what is the structure of the avian digestive tract?

A

beak -> esophagus -> crop -> gallbladder -> stomach -> gizzard ->small intestine ->caeca ->rectum ->cloaca

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16
Q

what are the 3 sections of the avian cloaca, and their respective functions?

A
  1. coprodeum
  2. urodeum
  3. proctodeum
17
Q

What nerve runs through the kidneys?

A

sciatic nerve

18
Q

Do birds have a renal pelvis? Urinary bladder?

A

no, birds have neither renal pelvis & urinary bladder

19
Q

What is the nitrogenous waste product in birds?

A

uric acid

20
Q

is the right or left side of the reproductive tract in the female bird persists in maturity.

A

left side

21
Q

what are the 5 parts of the female avian oviduct and their respective functions?

A
  1. infundibulum
    • site for fertilization
  2. magnum
    • secretes thick white or albumen
    • largest part
  3. isthmus
    • adds the 2 shell membranes
    • non-glandular
  4. uterus (shell gland)
    • secretes the thin white, the shell, and the shell
      pigment
  5. vagina
    • holds egg until it is laid
    • egg passes through the cloaca and then out of the
      body through vent
22
Q

Where is the bursa of Fabricius in relation to the colon?

A

dorsal to the cloaca/colon

23
Q

How many chambers does the avian heart have?

A

4 chambers

24
Q

what are the different types of feathers birds have?

A

contour feathers:
- proximal shaft (quill) = calamus
- distal shaft = rachis
semiplumes:
- vane is fluffy
- hidden by contour feathers
- insulation
down feather:
- assist with thermoregulation
- waterfowl, assists buoyancy
- rachis is absent or short