Avian Anatomy Flashcards
what is the difference between pneumatic and medullary bones?
(name 2 of each type)
- pneumatic bone:
hollow bones of the bird that connects to the respiratory system - medullary bone:
provide calcium for the bird & 47% of the calcium goes
to the eggshell
what are the parts of the pectoral girdle?
- clavicle:
- furculum =. pair of clavicles
- “wishbone”
- furculum =. pair of clavicles
- coracoid:
- short bone extending from the sternum
- scapula
How is the avian pelvis different from the mammalian?
a lot of the spine is fused with the pelvic bones
In the bird, which bone is larger, the ulna or radius
ulna
how many digits the bird has on the forelimb and the hind limb?
forelimb - 3 digits
hind limb - 4 digits
what are the function of the pectoralis and supracoracoideus muscles? And location to each other?
flight muscles!
pectoralis: pulls wings down
supracoracoideus: pulls wings up
- main muscle masses attaching to sternum
Why is the body chamber of the bird known as the coelom?
- ONLY has 1 chamber
- NO separate abdomen & thorax
- NO diaphragm
How is the avian trachea different from the mammalian?
longer & wider
How are the avian lungs different from the mammalian?
- has a flow-through system with small air capillaries
- lungs are rigid, with little expansion and contraction
what are the 8 air sacs found in chickens?
- cervical (1)
- clavicular (1)
- cranial thoracic (2)
- caudal thoracic (2)
- abdominal (2)
where is the site of gas exchange in the bird’s lung?
between air capillaries & blood capillaries
what are the the four steps of the avian respiratory cycle?
- first inhalation: air passes into paired bronchi
- first expiration:
- lungs fill with air from caudal air sacs
- air from the lungs & cranial air sacs empties through
trachea
- second inhalation:
- stale air empties from the lungs into the cranial air
sacs
- stale air empties from the lungs into the cranial air
- second expiration:
- cranial air sacs expels out of the body
Which side of the body is the crop?
right
Which lobe of the liver is larger?
right lobe
what is the structure of the avian digestive tract?
beak -> esophagus -> crop -> gallbladder -> stomach -> gizzard ->small intestine ->caeca ->rectum ->cloaca