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ANSC 301: Anatomy > Ears > Flashcards

Ears Flashcards

1
Q

Cerumen

A

ceruminous glands, that protect the ear from infections and provides a barrier to insects and water

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2
Q

Perilymph

A

fluid within the bony labyrinth, surrounding membranous labyrinth

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3
Q

Endolymph

A

fluid within membranous labyrinth

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4
Q

Modiolus

A
  • part of the cochlea and its conical-shaped structure that consists of spongy (porous) bone located at the center of the cochlea
  • contains spiral ganglion
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5
Q

Maculae

A

static equilibrium receptors located perpendicular to each other in the utricle & saccule

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6
Q

Saccule

A

a sac of membranous labyrinth

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7
Q

Utricle

A

connected to the saccule by small duct

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8
Q

Otolith

A

calcium carbonate crystals forming a layer of otolithic membrane

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9
Q

Ampulla

A

enlarged swelling at the end of each semicircular canal

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10
Q

what structures are in the inner ear?

A
  • bony labyrinth-cochlea
  • cochlear duct
  • bony labyrinth
  • perilymph
  • membranous labyrinth
  • endolymph
  • cochlea
  • scala vestibuli
  • scala tympani
  • spiral organ
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11
Q

what structures are in the outer ear?

A
  • auricular cartilage
  • external auditory meatus
  • cerumen/ ear wax
  • pinna/ auricle
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12
Q

what structures are in the middle ear?

A
  • tympanic cavity
  • tympanic membrane/ eardrum
  • auditory ossicles/ ear bones
  • malleus (“hammer”)
  • incus (“anvil”)
  • stapes (“stirrups”)
  • oval (vestibular) window
  • round (cochlear) window
  • auditory tube (eustachian tube)
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13
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for equilibrium and hearing?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

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14
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for sight?

A

optic nerve (CN V)

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15
Q

what are the 3 auditory ossicles?

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
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16
Q

difference between round window & oval window?

A

round window:
covered by a secondary tympanic membrane, which bulges outward from the fluid movement

oval window:
it is filled base of the stapes, which pushes inward

17
Q

anatomic structures in hearing?

A
  • sounds waves reaching the ear directed by the pinna goes to the external auditory meatus -> tympanic membrane
  • tympanic membrane vibrated by the sound waves
  • malleus, passes on and amplifies the vibrations (incus & stapes) to the windows
  • Vibrations of the oval window (stapes) sets the perilymph into a wave motion
  • that travels through the scala vestibuli & scala tympani to the round window
  • The round window bulges into the middle ear and then back into the scala tympani, reversing the fluid wave movement
  • Vibrations of the scala vestibuli & scala tympani generate wave motion of the endolymph within the cochlear duct displacing the hair cells of the spiral organ
  • the movement of hair cells on spinal organ = nerve impulses
  • the nerve impulse passes through the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) to the hearing centers in the brain
18
Q

anatomic structures in static equilibrium?

A
  • concerned with “body (head) position” relative to gravity
  • otolithic membrane is moved by the weight of the otoliths under the pull of gravity
19
Q

anatomic structures in dynamic equilibrium?

A
  • when the head moves, pushes the cupula bending the hair cells
  • sends impulses to the vestibular branch (via CN VIII)
  • detecting angular rotational acceleration of declaration of head
20
Q

scala vestibuli

A

canal of bony labyrinth communicating with the vestibule

21
Q

hair (receptor) cells

A

receptor cells of the maculae carrying impulses to the vestibular branch of CN VIII

otolithic membrane: holds hair cells at which they are embedded in

22
Q

crista

A

receptor organ found in the ampulla of each semicircular duct

composed of hair receptor cells and supporting cells = senses motion of head

23
Q

vestibule

A

the central, expanded portion of the inner ear

24
Q

membranous labyrinth of the vestibule

A

consists of two sacs: saccule & utricle

25
Q

articular cartilage

A
  • the elastic framework of the pinna & external auditory meatus
  • covered on both sides of the skin
26
Q

external auditory meatus

A

the passageway from the pinna to ear drum
- vertical & horizontal canal

27
Q

middle ear/ tympanic cavity

A

contains auditory ossicles & opening of auditory tube

28
Q

tympanic membrane/ear drum

A
  • thin, semitransparent partition between the external auditory meatus & the middle ear
  • ear drum is vibrated by sound waves
29
Q

auditory ossicles/ear bones

A
  • 3 bones extend across the middle ear from the ear drum to the oval window of the cochlea
  • setting up vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea
30
Q

auditory tube (eustachian tube)

A
  • the passageway between the middle ear & nasopharynx
  • functions:
    • equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum
    • protecting from rupture
  • swallowing & yawning open auditory tubes = air into the middle ear
31
Q

bony labyrinth

A

series of cavities in the temporal bone
- lined with the periosteum
- divided into the vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals

32
Q

perilymph

A

fluid within the bony labyrinth, surrounding the membranous labyrinth

33
Q

membranous labyrinth

A
  • a series of tubes and sacs within the bony labyrinth
  • Separates the two canals of bony labyrinth and forms the cochlear duct
34
Q

cochlea

A
  • snail shell-like part of the inner ear associated with hearing
  • Consists of an outer bony coil and an inner membranous cochlear duct
35
Q

endolymph

A

the fluid within the membranous labyrinth

36
Q

spiral organ

A
37
Q

cochlear duct (scala media)

A
  • the spiral canal extending from the base to the apex of the cochlea, between the canals of the bony labyrinth
  • filled with endolymph and contains the spiral organ
  • divides the bony spiral labyrinth into two channels: the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani
38
Q

bony labyrinth-cochlea

A

a bony, spiral canal making a number of turns around a central bony core

ANSC 301: Anatomy (23 decks)

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