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MABS Physiology > Lymphatics > Flashcards

Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

what are lymphatic vessels?

A

collect tissue fluid from loose connective tissue by carrying fluid to great veins in the neck; fluid flows only towards the heart

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2
Q

what are the functions of the lymphatic vessels?

A
  • Absorption of dietary fats
  • Delivering fats to the bloodstream
  • Collecting of excess interstitial fluids
  • Delivering excess fluids to the bloodstream
  • Delivering foreign particles to the lymph nodes
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3
Q

what are the lymph nodes?

A

scattered along collecting vessels

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4
Q

what are the lymph trunks?

A

collect lymph from collecting vessels

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5
Q

what the lymph ducts?

A

empty into veins of the neck

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6
Q

where are the lymphatic capillaries located?

A

Located near blood capillaries

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7
Q

what do lymphatic capillaries receive tissue fluid from?

A

connective tissues

  • increased volume of tissue fluid
  • minivalve flaps open and allow fluid to enter
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8
Q

the high permeability of lymphatic capillaries allows entrance of?

A

tissue fluid

bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells

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9
Q

what are lacteals?

A
  • specialized lymphatic capillaries
  • receive digested fats
  • located in the villi of the small intestines
  • fatty lymph – chyle
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10
Q

what are lymphatic collecting vessels?

A

Accompany blood vessels

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11
Q

what are lymphatic collecting vessels composed of?

A

Composed of the same three tunics as blood vessels
1: tunica intima; layer of endothelial cells
2: tunica media; circularly arranged elastic fibers,
smooth muscle in arteries,
3: tunica adventitia; connective tissue

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12
Q

why do lymphatic collecting vessels contain more valves than the veins do?

A

helps direct the flow of blood

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13
Q

what is lymph propelled by?

A

bulging of skeletal muscles

pulsing of nearby arteries

tunica media of the lymph vessels

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14
Q

what are lymph nodes?

A

Cleanse the lymph of pathogens

Human body contains around 500

Lymph nodes are organized in clusters

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15
Q

what is the lymph node fibrous capsule?

A

surrounds lymph nodes

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16
Q

what is the lymph node Trabeculae?

A

connective tissue strands

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17
Q

what are the lymph vessels?

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels

Efferent lymphatic vessels

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18
Q

what are lymph trunks?

A

Lymphatic collecting vessels converge

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19
Q

what are the five major lymph trunks?

A 
lumbar trunks
intestinal trunk
Bronchomediastinal trunk
Subclavian trunks
Jugular trunks
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20
Q

what are the lumbar trunks function?

A

receives lymph from lower limbs

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21
Q

what is the function of the intestinal trunk?

A

receives chyle, digestive organs

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22
Q

what is the function of the Bronchomediastinal trunk?

A

collects lymph from thoracic viscera

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23
Q

what is the function of subclavian trunks?

A

receive lymph from upper limbs and thoracic wall

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24
Q

what is the function of the jugular trunks?

A

drain lymph from head & neck

25
what are cisterna chyli?
located at the union of lumbar and intestinal trunks
26
what are the lymph ducts?
cisterna chyli thoracic duct right lymphatic duct
27
what are is the thoracic duct?
Ascends along vertebral bodies Empties into venous circulation Junction of left internal jugular and left subclavian veins Drains three quarters of the body
28
what is the right lymphatic duct?
empties into right internal jugular and subclavian veins
29
what is the specific purpose of the immune system?
Recognizes specific foreign molecules Destroys pathogens effectively
30
what are the key cells of the immune system?
lymphocytes, also lymphoid tissue and lymphoid organs
31
what are lymphocytes?
Infectious organisms attacked by inflammatory response
32
how does a lymphocyte start out?
macrophages, then lymphocytes
33
what are examples of the lymphocytes?
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes B lymphocytes
34
what are Cytotoxic T lymphocytes?
Attack foreign cells directly Binds to antigen-bearing cells Perforates cell membrane Signals cell to undergo apoptosis
35
what are B lymphocytes?
become plasma cells secrete antibodies, mark cells for destruction by macrophages
36
what are the different types of antibody classes?
``` IgA IgD IgE IgG IgM ```
37
what is IgA?
monomer in plasma; dimer in mucus, saliva, tears, milk, intestinal secretions, prevents adherence to epithelia
38
what is IgD?
monomer; B cell membrane antigen receptor
39
what is IgE?
monomer; on mast cells; stimulates release of histamines, attracts eosinophils; immediate hypersensitivity reactions
40
what is IgG?
monomer, 80% circulating, crosses placenta to fetus, 2 immune response, complement fixation
41
what is IgM?
pentamer, 10% in plasma, 1st degree immune response, agglutination, complement fixation
42
what is the most important tissue of the immune system?
lymphoid tissue
43
where are lymphoid tissues located?
Mucous membranes of digestive, urinary, respiratory, and reproductive tracts - Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) Lymphoid organs (except thymus)
44
what are the primary lymphoid organs?
Bone marrow Thymus
45
what are the secondary lymphoid organs?
Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils Aggregated lymphoid nodules Appendix
46
what are lymphoid organs?
Designed to gather, destroy infectious microorganisms
47
what is the thymus?
Immature lymphocytes develop into T lymphocytes that secrete thrice hormones
48
T/F, Functional tissue atrophies with age
T
49
what is the thymus composed of?
cortex and medulla, where the medulla contains Hassall’s corpuscles (thymic corpuscles)
50
how does the thymus differ from other lymphoid organs?
- functions strictly in lymphocyte maturation | - arises from epithelial tissue
51
what is the functional pathway of the lymph nodes?
Lymph percolates through lymph sinuses Most antigenic challenges occur in lymph nodes Antigens destroyed – activate B and T lymphocytes
52
what is the spleen?
largest lymphoid organ used to remove blood borne antigens and the removal/destruction of old or defective blood cells
53
this is the site of hematopoiesis in the fetus
spleen
54
this is the site of B cell maturation into plasma cells?
spleen
55
T/F, the spleen is the storage of platelets?
spleen
56
what are the major organs of the lymphatic system?
lymph nodes thymus spleen
57
what are the tonsils?
Arranged in a ring to gather and remove pathogens
58
what are the four groups of tonsils?
palatine, lingual, pharyngeal, and tubal tonsils
59
what are some disorders of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems?
``` chylothorax lymphangitis mononucleosis Hodgkin's disease Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ```

MABS Physiology (57 decks)

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