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MABS Physiology > Lymphatics > Flashcards

Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

what are lymphatic vessels?

A

collect tissue fluid from loose connective tissue by carrying fluid to great veins in the neck; fluid flows only towards the heart

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2
Q

what are the functions of the lymphatic vessels?

A
  • Absorption of dietary fats
  • Delivering fats to the bloodstream
  • Collecting of excess interstitial fluids
  • Delivering excess fluids to the bloodstream
  • Delivering foreign particles to the lymph nodes
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3
Q

what are the lymph nodes?

A

scattered along collecting vessels

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4
Q

what are the lymph trunks?

A

collect lymph from collecting vessels

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5
Q

what the lymph ducts?

A

empty into veins of the neck

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6
Q

where are the lymphatic capillaries located?

A

Located near blood capillaries

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7
Q

what do lymphatic capillaries receive tissue fluid from?

A

connective tissues

  • increased volume of tissue fluid
  • minivalve flaps open and allow fluid to enter
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8
Q

the high permeability of lymphatic capillaries allows entrance of?

A

tissue fluid

bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells

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9
Q

what are lacteals?

A
  • specialized lymphatic capillaries
  • receive digested fats
  • located in the villi of the small intestines
  • fatty lymph – chyle
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10
Q

what are lymphatic collecting vessels?

A

Accompany blood vessels

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11
Q

what are lymphatic collecting vessels composed of?

A

Composed of the same three tunics as blood vessels
1: tunica intima; layer of endothelial cells
2: tunica media; circularly arranged elastic fibers,
smooth muscle in arteries,
3: tunica adventitia; connective tissue

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12
Q

why do lymphatic collecting vessels contain more valves than the veins do?

A

helps direct the flow of blood

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13
Q

what is lymph propelled by?

A

bulging of skeletal muscles

pulsing of nearby arteries

tunica media of the lymph vessels

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14
Q

what are lymph nodes?

A

Cleanse the lymph of pathogens

Human body contains around 500

Lymph nodes are organized in clusters

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15
Q

what is the lymph node fibrous capsule?

A

surrounds lymph nodes

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16
Q

what is the lymph node Trabeculae?

A

connective tissue strands

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17
Q

what are the lymph vessels?

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels

Efferent lymphatic vessels

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18
Q

what are lymph trunks?

A

Lymphatic collecting vessels converge

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19
Q

what are the five major lymph trunks?

A 
lumbar trunks
intestinal trunk
Bronchomediastinal trunk
Subclavian trunks
Jugular trunks
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20
Q

what are the lumbar trunks function?

A

receives lymph from lower limbs

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21
Q

what is the function of the intestinal trunk?

A

receives chyle, digestive organs

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22
Q

what is the function of the Bronchomediastinal trunk?

A

collects lymph from thoracic viscera

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23
Q

what is the function of subclavian trunks?

A

receive lymph from upper limbs and thoracic wall

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24
Q

what is the function of the jugular trunks?

A

drain lymph from head & neck

25
Q

what are cisterna chyli?

A

located at the union of lumbar and intestinal trunks

26
Q

what are the lymph ducts?

A

cisterna chyli
thoracic duct
right lymphatic duct

27
Q

what are is the thoracic duct?

A

Ascends along vertebral bodies

Empties into venous circulation

Junction of left internal jugular and left subclavian veins

Drains three quarters of the body

28
Q

what is the right lymphatic duct?

A

empties into right internal jugular and subclavian veins

29
Q

what is the specific purpose of the immune system?

A

Recognizes specific foreign molecules

Destroys pathogens effectively

30
Q

what are the key cells of the immune system?

A

lymphocytes, also lymphoid tissue and lymphoid organs

31
Q

what are lymphocytes?

A

Infectious organisms attacked by inflammatory response

32
Q

how does a lymphocyte start out?

A

macrophages, then lymphocytes

33
Q

what are examples of the lymphocytes?

A

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

B lymphocytes

34
Q

what are Cytotoxic T lymphocytes?

A

Attack foreign cells directly

Binds to antigen-bearing cells

Perforates cell membrane

Signals cell to undergo apoptosis

35
Q

what are B lymphocytes?

A

become plasma cells

secrete antibodies, mark cells for destruction by macrophages

36
Q

what are the different types of antibody classes?

A 
IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
37
Q

what is IgA?

A

monomer in plasma; dimer in mucus, saliva, tears, milk, intestinal secretions, prevents adherence to epithelia

38
Q

what is IgD?

A

monomer; B cell membrane antigen receptor

39
Q

what is IgE?

A

monomer; on mast cells; stimulates release of histamines, attracts eosinophils; immediate hypersensitivity reactions

40
Q

what is IgG?

A

monomer, 80% circulating, crosses placenta to fetus, 2 immune response, complement fixation

41
Q

what is IgM?

A

pentamer, 10% in plasma, 1st degree immune response, agglutination, complement fixation

42
Q

what is the most important tissue of the immune system?

A

lymphoid tissue

43
Q

where are lymphoid tissues located?

A

Mucous membranes of digestive, urinary, respiratory, and reproductive tracts
- Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Lymphoid organs (except thymus)

44
Q

what are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

45
Q

what are the secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils

Aggregated lymphoid nodules

Appendix

46
Q

what are lymphoid organs?

A

Designed to gather, destroy infectious microorganisms

47
Q

what is the thymus?

A

Immature lymphocytes develop into T lymphocytes that secrete thrice hormones

48
Q

T/F, Functional tissue atrophies with age

A

T

49
Q

what is the thymus composed of?

A

cortex and medulla, where the medulla contains Hassall’s corpuscles (thymic corpuscles)

50
Q

how does the thymus differ from other lymphoid organs?

A
  • functions strictly in lymphocyte maturation

- arises from epithelial tissue

51
Q

what is the functional pathway of the lymph nodes?

A

Lymph percolates through lymph sinuses

Most antigenic challenges occur in lymph nodes

Antigens destroyed – activate B and T lymphocytes

52
Q

what is the spleen?

A

largest lymphoid organ used to remove blood borne antigens and the removal/destruction of old or defective blood cells

53
Q

this is the site of hematopoiesis in the fetus

A

spleen

54
Q

this is the site of B cell maturation into plasma cells?

A

spleen

55
Q

T/F, the spleen is the storage of platelets?

A

spleen

56
Q

what are the major organs of the lymphatic system?

A

lymph nodes
thymus
spleen

57
Q

what are the tonsils?

A

Arranged in a ring to gather and remove pathogens

58
Q

what are the four groups of tonsils?

A

palatine, lingual, pharyngeal, and tubal tonsils

59
Q

what are some disorders of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems?

A 
chylothorax
lymphangitis
mononucleosis
Hodgkin's disease
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

MABS Physiology (57 decks)

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