Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MABS Physiology > Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the Hypothalamus?

A

The hypothalamus integrates functions that maintain chemical and temperature homeostasis. It functions with the limbic system and controls the release of hormones from the anterior and posterior pituitary. It synthesizes and releases hypophysiotropic hormones in the cell bodies of neurons located in the hypothalamus:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two mechanisms exerted by the hypothalamus?

A

Neural (local circuits, afferent and efferent projections)

Neurohumoral (i.e., hormonal, vascular, neuroendocrine functions, neuroimmune influences)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the three sites of functional influence?

A

anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary
non pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are anterior pituitary influences?

A 
Stress
“Fight (aggressive behavior) or Flight (fear)”
Sexual behavior and reproduction
Growth
Metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the posterior pituitary influences?

A

Body fluid balance

Maternal behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the non-pituitary influences?

A 
Temperature regulation
Immune system regulation
Circadian rhythm influences 	on hormonal fluctuations, 	sleep, etc.
Appetite regulation
Autonomic Nervous System
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the afferent connections to the hypothalamus? functions?

A

the fornix - communicates from the hippocampus

medial forebrain - from the olfactory areas

stria terminalis - from the amygdala

peduncle - from the visceral afferent fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the efferent connections to the hypothalamus? functions?

A

dorsal longitudinal fasciculus - to parasympathetic nuclei

mamillotegmental tract - fibers to the tegmentum of the midbrain

mamillothalamic fasciculus to cingulate gyrus

Hypothalamic - hypophyseal tract communicates with pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

so we know that the mamillotegmental tract is part of the efferent connections to the hypothalamus, what is this pathway?

A

tegmentum of the midbrain - reticular formation - hypothalamus, cranial nerve nuclei, spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the pituitary gland divided into?

A

adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the adenohypophysis?

A

anterior pituitary containing the Pars tuberalis, Pars intermedia, Pars distalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the neurohypophysis?

A

posterior pituitary containing infundibular stalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does the anterior and posterior pituitary glands sit?

A

the hypophyseal fossa in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what supplies the anterior portion of the pituitary gland? posterior portion of the pituitary gland?

A

superior hypophyseal artery; inferior hypophyseal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

this structure is characterized by sexual dimorphism involving hormonal influences on neuronal maturation? what hormone does this structure contain?

A

medial preoptic nucleus; gonadotropin-releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

this structure maintains constant body temperatures?

A

anterior preoptic region

17
Q

this structure receives direct retinal input? its also responsible for this rhythm?

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus; circadian rhythm

18
Q

these are cells whose axons project to the posterior pituitary?

A

Neurosecretory cells

19
Q

this nucleus secretes oxytocin?

A

Paraventricular nucleus

20
Q

this nucleus secretes vasopressin and corticotropin releasing hormone?

A

Supraoptic nucleus

21
Q

these neurons project to parasympathetic nuclei of the brainstem and spinal cord?

A

Paraventricular region neurons

22
Q

what is oxytocin?

A

a hormone that starts smooth muscle contraction in the uterus and allows for milk let down not production of, its what releases the milk

23
Q

what controls the systemic feedback to the hypothalamus?

A

CircumVentricular Organs (OVLT and SFO) which monitor osmolarity of the body, 290 osmolarity is the threshold

Organum vasculosum laminae terminalis

subfornical organ

24
Q

these neurons are involved in feeding, reproductive, and parenting behavior, thermoregulation?

A

Dorsomedial and Ventromedial Nuclei

25
Q

these nuclei (name the two) regulate appetite and food intake? what is the affect of a lesion on the medial and lateral part?

A

anterior nuclei comprised of a medial and lateral part

lesions on medial part cause obesity
lesions on the lateral part cause anorexia

26
Q

these region is responsible for temperature regulation, temperature changes like sweating, arousal and shift of attention. What happens if there is a lesion here?

A

posterior hypothalamic region; lesion causes hypothermia

27
Q

this structure is involved in limbic forebrain and midbrain functional integration?

A

mammillary body

28
Q

what is the effect on the hypothalamus if there are lesions in associated cortical regions?

A 
emotion
pain
drives (sex, hunger, thirst)
fight or flight
forms of anxiety
29
Q

T/F, circumventricular organs are located around the hypothalamus?

A

T, these organs mediate peripheral hormone release and “afferent” humoral feedback

i.e.- neurohypophysis secretes vasopressin, oxytocin from the pituitary

30
Q

T/F, Subfornical organ and Organum Vaculosum Lamina

Terminalis are associated with chemoreception of osmolarity?

A

T

31
Q

this Circumventricular organs is responsible in regulation of circadian rhythms via melatonin release

A

pineal gland

32
Q

this Circumventricular organs is responsible in glycoprotein secretion into CSF; functions unknown?

A

subcommissural organ

33
Q

this Circumventricular organs is responsible in regulation of the anterior pituitary gland?

A

median eminence

34
Q

this Circumventricular organs is chemosensitive, emetic?

A

area postrema

35
Q

what are the three Systemic Regulatory Feedback to Hypothalamus?

A

Via breaches in the blood-brain barrier

Via peripheral pressure (baro-) receptors and central pathways (e.g., hypovolemia (decrease in blood volume)

Via lipid-soluble gonadal and adrenal steroids

36
Q

in terms of appetite, what is the anterior nuclei?

A

regulate appetite and food intake. Medial part lesion causes obesity, lateral part lesion causes anorexia

MABS Physiology (57 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions