Functions of the Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

what structures are important in the function of the hypothalamus?

A

anterior preoptic region

posterior region

mid anterior and posterior region

paraventricular and anterior regions

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

anterior nuclei

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2
Q

what is the function of the anterior preoptic region?

A

maintains heat loss, maintains constant body temperature

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3
Q

what is the function of the posterior region?

A

maintains heat conservation, responds to temperature changes

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4
Q

what is the function of the midanterior and posterior region?

A

activate sympathetic nervous system

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5
Q

what is the function of the paraventricular and anterior region?

A

activate parasympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

what is the function of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei?

A

regulate water balance

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7
Q

what is the function of the anterior nuclei? what are the parts?

A

regulate appetite and food intake

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8
Q

what is the effect if a lesion develops in the anterior preoptic region of the hypothalamus?

A

central hyperthermia

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9
Q

what is the effect if a lesion develops in the posterior region of the hypothalamus?

A

hypothermia

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10
Q

what happens if a lesion develops in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei?

A

diabetes insipidus, also lack of thirst response resulting in hyponatremia

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11
Q

what is the effect if a lesion develops in the medial part of the anterior nuclei of the hypothalamus?

A

obesity

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12
Q

what is the effect if a lesion develops in the lateral part of the anterior nuclei of the hypothalamus?

A

anorexia and emaciation

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13
Q

what are the afferent connections of the hypothalamus?

A

fornix
medial forebrain
stria terminalis
peduncle of mamilary bodies

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14
Q

this afferent connection conveys afferent fibers from the hippocampus, it is an important fiber tract of the limbic system (passes anteriorly)

A

fornix

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15
Q

this afferent connection transmits afferent fibers from the olfactory areas to the preoptic nuclei (from the olfactory cortex)

A

medial forebrain

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16
Q

this afferent connection conveys afferent fibers from the amygdala (superior most portion of upper part of fornix)

A

stria terminalis

17
Q

this afferent connection transmits visceral afferent fibers

A

peduncle of mamillary bodies

18
Q

maintain constant body temperature

A

Anterior Preoptic region of Hypothalamus

19
Q

central hyperthermia

A

Lesion of the Anterior Preoptic Region of the hypothalamus

20
Q

Respond to temperature changes

A

Posterior Region of the Hypothalamus

21
Q

hypothermia

A

Lesion to posterior Region of the Hypothalamus

22
Q

activates the sympathetic nervous system

A

Midanterior and posterior region of the hypthalamus

23
Q

Activate the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Paraventricular and anterior regions of the hypothalamus

24
Q

regulates the release of gonadotropic hormones from the adenohypophysis sexual arousal

A

medial preoptic nucleus

25
Circadian Rhythm - tells pineal gland to release melatonin - light sensitive proteins in retina signal this to alter production of pineal gland
suprachiastmatic nucleus
26
secretes oxytocin
paraventricular nucleus
27
secretes vasopressin and CRH
suproptic nucleus
28
involved in feeding, reproductive, and parenting, thermoregulation
dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei
29
regulate appetite and food intake
Anterior Nuclei
30
anorexia
Lesion to lateral Anterior nucleus
31
obesity
Lesion to medial anterior nucleus
32
involved in limbic forebrain and midbrain functional integration
Mammillary Body