Functions of the Hypothalamus Flashcards
what structures are important in the function of the hypothalamus?
anterior preoptic region
posterior region
mid anterior and posterior region
paraventricular and anterior regions
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
anterior nuclei
what is the function of the anterior preoptic region?
maintains heat loss, maintains constant body temperature
what is the function of the posterior region?
maintains heat conservation, responds to temperature changes
what is the function of the midanterior and posterior region?
activate sympathetic nervous system
what is the function of the paraventricular and anterior region?
activate parasympathetic nervous system
what is the function of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei?
regulate water balance
what is the function of the anterior nuclei? what are the parts?
regulate appetite and food intake
what is the effect if a lesion develops in the anterior preoptic region of the hypothalamus?
central hyperthermia
what is the effect if a lesion develops in the posterior region of the hypothalamus?
hypothermia
what happens if a lesion develops in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei?
diabetes insipidus, also lack of thirst response resulting in hyponatremia
what is the effect if a lesion develops in the medial part of the anterior nuclei of the hypothalamus?
obesity
what is the effect if a lesion develops in the lateral part of the anterior nuclei of the hypothalamus?
anorexia and emaciation
what are the afferent connections of the hypothalamus?
fornix
medial forebrain
stria terminalis
peduncle of mamilary bodies
this afferent connection conveys afferent fibers from the hippocampus, it is an important fiber tract of the limbic system (passes anteriorly)
fornix
this afferent connection transmits afferent fibers from the olfactory areas to the preoptic nuclei (from the olfactory cortex)
medial forebrain
this afferent connection conveys afferent fibers from the amygdala (superior most portion of upper part of fornix)
stria terminalis
this afferent connection transmits visceral afferent fibers
peduncle of mamillary bodies
maintain constant body temperature
Anterior Preoptic region of Hypothalamus
central hyperthermia
Lesion of the Anterior Preoptic Region of the hypothalamus
Respond to temperature changes
Posterior Region of the Hypothalamus
hypothermia
Lesion to posterior Region of the Hypothalamus
activates the sympathetic nervous system
Midanterior and posterior region of the hypthalamus
Activate the parasympathetic nervous system
Paraventricular and anterior regions of the hypothalamus
regulates the release of gonadotropic hormones from the adenohypophysis sexual arousal
medial preoptic nucleus
Circadian Rhythm
- tells pineal gland to release melatonin
- light sensitive proteins in retina signal this to alter production of pineal gland
suprachiastmatic nucleus
secretes oxytocin
paraventricular nucleus
secretes vasopressin and CRH
suproptic nucleus
involved in feeding, reproductive, and parenting, thermoregulation
dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei
regulate appetite and food intake
Anterior Nuclei
anorexia
Lesion to lateral Anterior nucleus
obesity
Lesion to medial anterior nucleus
involved in limbic forebrain and midbrain functional integration
Mammillary Body
