Lymph Reading Flashcards
lymphatic system
the system of vessels, cells, and organs that carries excess fluids to the bloodstream and filters pathogens from the blood.
Lymph
term used to describe interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic system
Where are lymph nodes commonly found
groin, armpits, neck, chest, and abdomen
How many lymph nodes do humans have
500–600 lymph nodes
How does lymph flow
Lyphatic capellaries –> lymphatic vessels–>circulatory system via the lymphatic ducts located at the junction of the jugular and subclavian veins in the neck.
Lymphatic capillaries
also called the terminal lymphatics, are vessels where interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic system to become lymph fluid.
Do the central nervous system, bone marrow, bones, teeth, and the cornea of the eye, contain lymph vessels.
No
Is the overall drainage of the lyphaic system asymmetrical?
True
The right lymphatic duct receives lymph from only the upper right side of the body.
What are Barrier defenses
skin and mucous membranes, which act instantaneously to prevent pathogenic invasion into the body tissues
What are the three lines of defense
Barrier defenses - first defense
Innate defenses- 2nd line of defense
Adapticve immune respone - 3rd line of defense- more specific and controlled by white blood cells called lymphocytes
3 classes of hematopoietic stem cells
Phagocytic cells, which ingest pathogens to destroy them
Lymphocytes, which specifically coordinate the activities of adaptive immunity
Cells containing cytoplasmic granules, which help mediate immune responses against parasites and intracellular pathogens such as viruses
What are the two basic types of lymphocytes
B cells and T cells
What is the difference between B & T cells
B cells
mature in red bone marrow
produce antibodies
T cells
mature in thymus
secrete soluble factors that communicate with other cells of the adaptive immune response
or destroy cells infected with intracellular pathogens
Differentiated B cells become what
Plasma cells
What are Natural Killer cells
participate in innate immune response
among the body’s first lines of defense against viruses and certain types of cancer.
What do plasma cells do
Secrete antibodies
What are the primary lymphoid organs
Thymus and bone marrow
Where is the thymus
found in the space between the sternum and the aorta of the heart
afferent lymphatic vessels
major routes into the lymph node
efferent lymphatic vessels
ells and lymph fluid that leave the lymph node may do so by another set of vessels known as the efferent lymphatic vessels
What is the function of lymph nodes
function to remove debris and pathogens from the lymph, and are thus sometimes referred to as the “filters of the lymph
also the site of adaptive immune responses mediated by T cells, B cells, and accessory cells of the adaptive immune system
What is the function of the spleen
sometimes called the “filter of the blood” because of its extensive vascularization and the presence of macrophages and dendritic cells that remove microbes and other materials from the blood, including dying red blood cells.
The spleen also functions as the location of immune responses to blood-borne pathogens.
What are lymphoid nodules
These nodules are located in the respiratory and digestive tracts, areas routinely exposed to environmental pathogens.
include tonsils
