Lymph Reading

Question 1

lymphatic system

Answer 1

the system of vessels, cells, and organs that carries excess fluids to the bloodstream and filters pathogens from the blood.

Question 2

Lymph

Answer 2

term used to describe interstitial fluid once it has entered the lymphatic system

Question 3

Where are lymph nodes commonly found

Answer 3

groin, armpits, neck, chest, and abdomen

Question 4

How many lymph nodes do humans have

Answer 4

500–600 lymph nodes

Question 5

How does lymph flow

Answer 5

Lyphatic capellaries –> lymphatic vessels–>circulatory system via the lymphatic ducts located at the junction of the jugular and subclavian veins in the neck.

Question 6

Lymphatic capillaries

Answer 6

also called the terminal lymphatics, are vessels where interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic system to become lymph fluid.

Question 7

Do the central nervous system, bone marrow, bones, teeth, and the cornea of the eye, contain lymph vessels.

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Is the overall drainage of the lyphaic system asymmetrical?

Answer 8

True

The right lymphatic duct receives lymph from only the upper right side of the body.

Question 9

What are Barrier defenses

Answer 9

skin and mucous membranes, which act instantaneously to prevent pathogenic invasion into the body tissues

Question 10

What are the three lines of defense

Answer 10

Barrier defenses - first defense
Innate defenses- 2nd line of defense
Adapticve immune respone - 3rd line of defense- more specific and controlled by white blood cells called lymphocytes

Question 11

3 classes of hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 11

Phagocytic cells, which ingest pathogens to destroy them
Lymphocytes, which specifically coordinate the activities of adaptive immunity
Cells containing cytoplasmic granules, which help mediate immune responses against parasites and intracellular pathogens such as viruses

Question 12

What are the two basic types of lymphocytes

Answer 12

B cells and T cells

Question 13

What is the difference between B & T cells

Answer 13

B cells
mature in red bone marrow
produce antibodies
T cells
mature in thymus
secrete soluble factors that communicate with other cells of the adaptive immune response
or destroy cells infected with intracellular pathogens

Question 14

Differentiated B cells become what

Answer 14

Plasma cells

Question 15

What are Natural Killer cells

Answer 15

participate in innate immune response

among the body’s first lines of defense against viruses and certain types of cancer.

Question 16

What do plasma cells do

Answer 16

Secrete antibodies

Question 17

What are the primary lymphoid organs

Answer 17

Thymus and bone marrow

Question 18

Where is the thymus

Answer 18

found in the space between the sternum and the aorta of the heart

Question 19

afferent lymphatic vessels

Answer 19

major routes into the lymph node

Question 20

efferent lymphatic vessels

Answer 20

ells and lymph fluid that leave the lymph node may do so by another set of vessels known as the efferent lymphatic vessels

Question 21

What is the function of lymph nodes

Answer 21

function to remove debris and pathogens from the lymph, and are thus sometimes referred to as the “filters of the lymph

also the site of adaptive immune responses mediated by T cells, B cells, and accessory cells of the adaptive immune system

Question 22

What is the function of the spleen

Answer 22

sometimes called the “filter of the blood” because of its extensive vascularization and the presence of macrophages and dendritic cells that remove microbes and other materials from the blood, including dying red blood cells.

The spleen also functions as the location of immune responses to blood-borne pathogens.

Question 23

What are lymphoid nodules

Answer 23

These nodules are located in the respiratory and digestive tracts, areas routinely exposed to environmental pathogens.

include tonsils