Cell Cycle MItosis, Meiosis Video

Question 1

What is a diploid cell

Answer 1

A cell that has 2 complete sets of chromosomes (2n)

Question 2

What is a haploid cell

Answer 2

One copy of DNA (sperm and egg cells)

Question 3

Does Mitosis deal with diploid of haploid cells

Answer 3

Diploid

Question 4

What are the 2 parts of cell division

Answer 4

1. Mitosis - division of nucleus

2. Cytokenisis - divison of the rest of the cell organelles

Question 5

What phase is most of the life of a cell spent in

Answer 5

Interphase

which includes G1, S, & G2 phases

Question 6

What is the G1 phase

Answer 6

Growth phase

Question 7

What is the S phase

Answer 7

Phase where DNA replication occurs

Question 8

What is the G2 phase

Answer 8

Continued growth of cell

Question 9

What is CDK - Cyclin Dependent Kinase

Answer 9

Speeds up action in cell growth

Question 10

What are the identical sides of a chromosome called

Answer 10

Chromatin

Question 11

What is the middle of a chromosome called

Answer 11

Centromere

Question 12

What are the phases of Mitosis

Answer 12

Interphase 
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telephase
Cytokenisis

Question 13

What occurs during Prophase

Answer 13

Chromatin has become chromosomes
Centrosomes begin to seperate
Miotic spindles begin to form
Nuclear envelope disassembles
Chromosomes form two kinetochores at centromere
Microtubules attache to chromosome

Question 14

What occurs during Metaphase

Answer 14

Chromosomes align in middle of the cell

Question 15

What occurs during Anaphase

Answer 15

Chromatids seperate towards opposite sides

Question 16

What occurs during Telophase

Answer 16

New nuclear envelope forms
Chromosomes unfold back into chromatin
Nucleoli reappear
Cell continues to elongate

Question 17

What happens during Cytokenisis

Answer 17

Daughter cells divide and cell cycle repeats again

Question 18

What is a homologous chromosome

Answer 18

Chromosomes that are the same length but don’t do the same thing. One could be recessive and the other could be dominant

Question 19

What is the goal of mitosis

Answer 19

Make an exact copy of the nucleus

Question 20

What is goal of meiosis

Answer 20

Make genetically different cells

Question 21

What is cancer caused by

Answer 21

Uncontrolled cell division

Question 22

Explain the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene.

Answer 22

A proto-oncogene is the segment of DNA that codes for one of the positive cell-cycle regulators. If that gene becomes mutated to a form that is overactive, it is considered an oncogene. A tumor suppressor gene is a segment of DNA that codes for one of the negative cell-cycle regulators. If that gene becomes mutated to a form that is underactive, the cell cycle will run unchecked

Question 23

Outline the steps that lead to a cell becoming cancerous.

Answer 23

If one of the genes that produce regulator proteins becomes mutated, it produces a malformed, possibly non-functional, cell-cycle regulator. This increases the chance that more mutations will be left unrepaired in the cell. Each subsequent generation of cells sustains more damage. The cell cycle can speed up as a result of loss of functional checkpoint proteins. The cells can lose the ability to self-destruct.

Question 24

________ are changes to the nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein.

Answer 24

Gene mutations

Question 25

A gene that codes for a positive cell cycle regulator is called a(n) ________.

Answer 25

proto-oncogene

Question 26

A gene that codes for a negative positive cell cycle regulator is called a(n) ________.

Answer 26

Tumor supressor genes

Question 27

What are Oncogenes

Answer 27

genes that cause a cell to become cancerous