Lab 4 Notes - Blood Typing Flashcards
What is blood typing based on?
Based on the antigens that are on red blood cells
What are antigens
Combinations of organic molecules
* Proteins, Glycoproteings, Glycolipids, Lipoproteins
Where are antigens located
On surface of red blood cell
What do antigens stimulate
Antibody production
What is an antibody
A protein that can bind to an antigen
When antibodies bind to antigens it causes what?
Agglutinogens - clumping
What happens when blood agglutinates
It causes a transfusion reaction
- blood cells clump
- vessels get clogged
- red blood cells hemolyze (rupture)
- hemoglobin is released and clot nephrons in kidneys
- nephrons die causing kidney failure
If you have blood type A then you will have what antibodies
Anti-B antibodies
If you have blood type B then you will have what anitbodies
Anti- A antibodies
If you have blood type AB then you will have what antibodies, and are considered what specific type of blood type
You will have no antibodies
Universal Recipient
If you have blood type O then what antigens and antibodies do you have
You have no antigens
You have AB antibodies
In blood type testing is Anti B & Anti A antibodies are added to an unknown blood type and clumping happens only with Anti-B antibodies then what blood type is it?
Blood type B
In blood type testing is Anti B & Anti A antibodies are added to an unknown blood type and clumping happens only with Anti-A antibodies then what blood type is it?
Blood type A
In blood type testing is Anti B & Anti A antibodies are added to an unknown blood type and clumping happens with both antibodies then what blood type is it?
Blood type AB
In blood type testing is Anti B & Anti A antibodies are added to an unknown blood type and clumping does not happen then what blood type is it?
Blood type O
What blood type is the universal donor
Blood type O
What is the Rh factor
another antigen present on red blood cells that causes blood types to be Rh postive or Rh negative
If you are Rh + then do you have the Rh antibodies
No if you did you would aggutinate your own blood causing kidney failure and death
If dad is Rh + and mom is Rh + is there a risk for an Rh factor during delivery
No the baby will have Rh + so no anti-RH antibodies will be produced
If dad is Rh- and mom is Rh- is there a risk for an Rh factor during delivery
No the baby will have Rh - and neither the mom or baby will come in contact with Rh+ blood during delivery
If father is Rh + and mother is Rh - is there a risk of Rh factor
Yes there is a 50% chance.
During pregnancy baby does not come in contact with moms blood.
During labor mom and baby blood mix and the Rh+ blood gets into mom’s Rh- blood - Mom’s blood now has Rh antibodies that attack rh+ blood cells
No problems caused until a 2nd pregnancy
If 2nd pregnancy moms blood passes through placenta causing Rh antibodies to attack Rh+ red blood cells
What is the form of prevention for the Rh factor with pregnant woman
RhoGAM shot - given to RH- moms
blocks recognition of Rh +
If a blood test is done on an unknown blood type and anti- A antibodies, Anti-B antibodies, and Anti-Rh antibodies are added to the blood type and clumpin happens in the Anti-A and the Anti-Rh what type of blood type is it
Blood Type A+
What would happen in a blood test of an O- blood type
No clumping - mother would need RhoGAM
