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Advanced Anatomy > Chemistry & Mitosis 9/5 class notes > Flashcards

Chemistry & Mitosis 9/5 class notes Flashcards

1
Q

Organic Chemistry

A

Study of molecules made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

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2
Q

What are the 3 classes of organic chemistry

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

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3
Q

What is the smallest form of a carbohydrate

A

Monosaccharides

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4
Q

How many carbons do monosaccaharides have

A

6 - Hexoses

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5
Q

What are 3 examples of monosaccharides

A

Fructose
Galactose
Gluclose

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6
Q

When ingested what does the liver convert into Gluclose

A

Fructose & Galactose

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7
Q

What are 3 examples of Disaccharides

A

Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose

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8
Q

What type of bond bonds disaccharides and polysaccharides

A

Covalent bond - strongest bond , water cannot break down covalent bonds

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9
Q

What are Polysaccharides

A

Chains of monosaccharides longer than 2

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10
Q

What are polysaccharides are found in plants

A

Cellulose

Starch

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11
Q

How do plants store sugar

A

As starch - potatoes, corn, wheat

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12
Q

What is plant sugar that cannot be broken down by human

A

Cellulose - dietary fiber

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13
Q

What polysaccharides are found in Animals

A

Glycogen - made form gluclose

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14
Q

What is Hydrophobic

A

Hates water - Lipids

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of Lipids

A

Cholesterol

Triglycerides

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16
Q

What is found in cell membranes and makes steroids

A

Cholesterol

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17
Q

How many molecules of Glycerol are in a Triglyceride

A

1 molecule of Glycerol

3 Fatty Acid tales

18
Q

What makes a fat saturated or unsaturates

A 
Saturated = Full of hydrogen 
Unsaturated = not full of hydrogen
19
Q

At room temperature what happens to saturated and unsaturated fats

A

Saturated fats are solid

Unsaturated fats are liquid

20
Q

What are proteins made from

A

Amino acids

21
Q

What are 3 essential amino acids

A

Lycine
Isoleucine
Valine
Tryptophan

22
Q

What are 3 non-essential amino acids

A

Alanine
Glutamine
Serine
Proline

23
Q

How many types of amino acids are there

A

20 types
10 essential
10 non- essential

24
Q

What is the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids

A

Essential amino acids must be consumed ( found in meats, quinoa)
Non-essential amino acids are produced in liver from essential amino acids

25
Q

What are the 3 main parts of a protein

A

Carboxyl Group
Nitrogen group
Variable Group

26
Q

What is a peptide

A

Short chain of amino acids 2-100 held together by a covalent bond called a peptide bond

27
Q

What is a peptide bond

A

Covalent bond that holds together peptides and protein chains of amino acids

28
Q

What are Proteins and what are examples

A 
long chains of amino acids
Examples: 
Actin & Myosin
Enzymes
Antibodies
Hemoglobin
29
Q

Where are proteins produced

A

In ribosomes

30
Q

What is a measure of hydrogen concentration

A

pH Scale

31
Q

What does a low pH level indicate on the pH scale

A

Higher amounts of hydrogen

32
Q

What does a high pH level indicate on the pH scale

A

less free available hydrogen

33
Q

What is the timeline of a cell’s life called

A

Cell Cycle

34
Q

What are the 4 phases of the Cell Cycle

A

G1- First Gap Phase
S- Synthesis phase
G2-Second Gap Phase

35
Q

When does the Gap Zero phase occur

A

during the G1 phase

Cell stops growing “rest phase”

36
Q

Which phase of cell cycle is the phase with normal growth and development

A

First Gap Phase- G1

37
Q

How many chromosomes are in the G1 phase

A

2n - 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

38
Q

Which phase of the cell cycle is where replication of DNA happens

A

S phase - Synthesis phase

39
Q

How many chromosomes are at end of S phase

A

4n (92 chromosomes) 46 pairs

40
Q

Which phase of the cell cycle are organelles copied at?

A

G2 phase- Second Gap Phase

Advanced Anatomy (23 decks)

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