Chemistry & Mitosis 9/5 class notes

Question 1

Organic Chemistry

Answer 1

Study of molecules made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Question 2

What are the 3 classes of organic chemistry

Answer 2

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

Question 3

What is the smallest form of a carbohydrate

Answer 3

Monosaccharides

Question 4

How many carbons do monosaccaharides have

Answer 4

6 - Hexoses

Question 5

What are 3 examples of monosaccharides

Answer 5

Fructose
Galactose
Gluclose

Question 6

When ingested what does the liver convert into Gluclose

Answer 6

Fructose & Galactose

Question 7

What are 3 examples of Disaccharides

Answer 7

Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose

Question 8

What type of bond bonds disaccharides and polysaccharides

Answer 8

Covalent bond - strongest bond , water cannot break down covalent bonds

Question 9

What are Polysaccharides

Answer 9

Chains of monosaccharides longer than 2

Question 10

What are polysaccharides are found in plants

Answer 10

Cellulose

Starch

Question 11

How do plants store sugar

Answer 11

As starch - potatoes, corn, wheat

Question 12

What is plant sugar that cannot be broken down by human

Answer 12

Cellulose - dietary fiber

Question 13

What polysaccharides are found in Animals

Answer 13

Glycogen - made form gluclose

Question 14

What is Hydrophobic

Answer 14

Hates water - Lipids

Question 15

What are the 2 types of Lipids

Answer 15

Cholesterol

Triglycerides

Question 16

What is found in cell membranes and makes steroids

Answer 16

Cholesterol

Question 17

How many molecules of Glycerol are in a Triglyceride

Answer 17

1 molecule of Glycerol

3 Fatty Acid tales

Question 18

What makes a fat saturated or unsaturates

Answer 18

Saturated = Full of hydrogen 
Unsaturated = not full of hydrogen

Question 19

At room temperature what happens to saturated and unsaturated fats

Answer 19

Saturated fats are solid

Unsaturated fats are liquid

Question 20

What are proteins made from

Answer 20

Amino acids

Question 21

What are 3 essential amino acids

Answer 21

Lycine
Isoleucine
Valine
Tryptophan

Question 22

What are 3 non-essential amino acids

Answer 22

Alanine
Glutamine
Serine
Proline

Question 23

How many types of amino acids are there

Answer 23

20 types
10 essential
10 non- essential

Question 24

What is the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids

Answer 24

Essential amino acids must be consumed ( found in meats, quinoa)
Non-essential amino acids are produced in liver from essential amino acids

Question 25

What are the 3 main parts of a protein

Answer 25

Carboxyl Group Nitrogen group Variable Group

Question 26

What is a peptide

Answer 26

Short chain of amino acids 2-100 held together by a covalent bond called a peptide bond

Question 27

What is a peptide bond

Answer 27

Covalent bond that holds together peptides and protein chains of amino acids

Question 28

What are Proteins and what are examples

Answer 28

``` long chains of amino acids Examples: Actin & Myosin Enzymes Antibodies Hemoglobin ```

Question 29

Where are proteins produced

Answer 29

In ribosomes

Question 30

What is a measure of hydrogen concentration

Answer 30

pH Scale

Question 31

What does a low pH level indicate on the pH scale

Answer 31

Higher amounts of hydrogen

Question 32

What does a high pH level indicate on the pH scale

Answer 32

less free available hydrogen

Question 33

What is the timeline of a cell's life called

Answer 33

Cell Cycle

Question 34

What are the 4 phases of the Cell Cycle

Answer 34

G1- First Gap Phase S- Synthesis phase G2-Second Gap Phase

Question 35

When does the Gap Zero phase occur

Answer 35

during the G1 phase | Cell stops growing "rest phase"

Question 36

Which phase of cell cycle is the phase with normal growth and development

Answer 36

First Gap Phase- G1

Question 37

How many chromosomes are in the G1 phase

Answer 37

2n - 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

Question 38

Which phase of the cell cycle is where replication of DNA happens

Answer 38

S phase - Synthesis phase

Question 39

How many chromosomes are at end of S phase

Answer 39

4n (92 chromosomes) 46 pairs

Question 40

Which phase of the cell cycle are organelles copied at?

Answer 40

G2 phase- Second Gap Phase