Lp 77

Question 1

-penetrate cells surrounding oocyte
-allows sperms nucleus-containing head to bind to oocytes sperm receptors
-sperm & oocyte membranes fuse; sperms contents enter oocyte cytoplasm
?

Answer 1

Sperm penetration

Question 2

-one perm per oocyte
-merging of Sperm & oocyte causes sperm receptors on oocyte to be destroyed
-if polyspermy does occur, embryo will have too much genetic info & die

Answer 2

Monospermy

Question 3

After penetration?

Answer 3

2nd oocyte completes meiosis & becomes an ovum

Question 4

Nuclei of ovum & Sperm merge, forming?

Answer 4

1 complete set of chromosomes

Question 5

Fertilization occurs when?

Answer 5

Oocyte & sperm nuclei merge/ join chromosomes

Question 6

Implantation takes ?

Answer 6

5 days & is complete 12 days after ovulation

Question 7

Implementation begins ?

Answer 7

6-7 days after ovulation

Question 8

-process in which the placenta is formed
-placenta is formed from embryonic & endometrial tissues
-by the end of 3rd month of pregnancy, placenta is fxnal as a nutritive, respiratory, excretory & endocrine organ

Answer 8

Placentation

Question 9

-Fills the amnion?
-cushions embryo
-maintains embryonic temp
-allows movement
-initially derived from maternal blood, but eventually contributed to by fetal urine

Answer 9

Amniotic fluid & umbilical cord

Question 10

Progesterone causes?

Answer 10

Nausea (morning sickness)

Question 11

Esophagus is displaced & stomach is crowded leading to?

Answer 11

Heartburn

Question 12

Decrease GI motility causes?

Answer 12

Constipation

Question 13

Estrogens cause nasal mucosa to become?

Answer 13

Edematous & congested (leads to stuffiness & nose bleeds)

Question 14

Refers to events that expel infant from uterus

Answer 14

Parturition

Question 15

-fetus determines birth date
-last weeks of pregnancy= highest levels of estrogen
-increase cortisol from fetus stimulates placental estrogen
-3 stages

Answer 15

Labour

Question 16

-from onset of labour until cervix is dilated 10cm
-longest stage
-contractions start in superior uterus & move lower
-cervix softens, efface & dilated
-amnion ruptures, releasing amniotic fluid
-engagement occurs
-infants head enters true pelvis
-head rotates into position for delivery

Answer 16

Dilation stage

Question 17

-from full cervical dilation to delivery
-actual childbirth
-mother has urge to push
-crowing: when largest dimension of head distends vulva as head exits

Answer 17

Expulsion stage

Question 18

-delivery of placenta
-w/in 30min of birth of infant

Answer 18

Placental stage

Question 19

-“apgar score” rates HR, reflexes, respiration, colour, m tone
-once CO2 is no longer removed by placenta, it accumulates in infants system & causes acidosis

Answer 19

Extrauterine life

Question 20

-increase estrogen, progesterone & placental hormones stimulate release of PRH from hypothalamus
-anterior pituitary gland release PRL
-initial Brest fluid is colostrum
-after birth, milk production depends on mechanical stimulation of sucking stimulate prolactin release
-suckling also stimulates OT, which causes milk ejection

Answer 20

Lactation

Question 21

-surgical procedure to deliver a baby through incisions in mothers abdomen & uterus
-sometimes safer for the woman or baby than vaginal delivery

Answer 21

Cesarean-section (aka c-section)

Question 22

Reasons for c-section?

Answer 22

-labour isn’t progressing
-baby isn’t progressing
-baby is in an abnormal position
-multiple birth
-problem with placenta
-problem with umbilical cord
-woman has a health concern
-mechanical obstruction
-woman’s had previous c-section