Lp 74 Flashcards
Internal genitalia components
-paired ovaries
-uterine (Fallopian tubes)
-uterus
-vagina
-production & release of gametes
-production of male sex hormones
Paired ovaries
-passage for egg from ovary to the uterus
-site of fertilization
Uterine (fallopian) tubes
Site of embryo implantation & fetus develop
Uterus
-birth canal
-carries menstrual flow out of body
-female organ of copulation
Vagina
External genitalia (aka vulva/pudendum) components
-labia major & minor
-clitoris
-greater vestibular glands
Protect the entrance to vagina
Labia major & minor
Innervation; sexual stimulation
Clitoris
Maintain lubrication (facilitate copulation) homologous to male bulbourethral gland)
Greater vestibular glands
-part of integumentary system (modified sweat glands)
-present in males and females (functional in females)
-production and secretion of milk
Breasts (mammary glands)
-produce gametes & hormones that regulate female cycles
-endocrine glands
-on both sides of uterus (held in place by ligaments)
-1* sex organ
Ovaries
Ovaries have inner medulla & outer cortex?
Medulla: large blood vessels & nn
Cortex: contains sac-like ovarian follicles site of ovum maturation
Female duct system consist of
-fallopian/ uterine tubes
-the uterus
-the vagina
Finger like projections that open to peritoneal cavity, pick up ovum and direct it into the Fallopian tube ( are not in direct contact with the ovaries)
Ciliated fimbriae
-tube walls have smooth m & folded ciliated mucosa
-tubes are sites of fertilization/ passage way of fertilized egg (zygote) to uterus
-beating of cilia & m contraction propel non-motile egg toward uterus
-end that opens to peritoneal cavity has ciliated fimbriae (direct egg into mouth of tubes)
Fallopian tubes
-hollow thick-walled organ anterior to rectum & posterosuperior to bladder
-Fxn: receive, retain & nourish fertilized ovum
Uterus ( womb)
2 parts of uterus
-body (larger part): fondus (top segment lying b/w entrance to Fallopian tubes & isthmus (narrow segment)
-cervix (neck or outlet): narrow outlet; projects into vagina
3 layers of the uterus wall
-perimetrium: thin, outer serous layer (continuous w/visceral peritonieum)
-myometrium: thick muscular middle layer (made up of smooth mm & contracts during menstruation, labour & organisms)
-endometrium: mucosal lining (site of embryo implantation consists of 2 layers: fxnal (cyclic changes) & basal: replenishes fxnal layer cells)
-thin-walled tube, 8-10 cm long b/w rectum & bladder
-distal opening may be closed by the hymen (flexible, vascular membrane)
(Has opening for menstrual flow & hymen rupture may result in bleeding)
Vagina (birth canal)
-adipose tissue + mammary glands + CT
Both male & female have them
-female are functional for lactation
Breasts
Anatomical feature of breasts
-areola: central ring of pigmented skin with large sebaceous glands that produce sebum to prevent charting
-nipple: contains the opening of milk ducts & smooth mm fibers-controlled by ANS, erection of nipple & large sebaceous glands that secrete sebum
Mammary glands develop during which trimester or pregnancy?
3rd
-contain 15-25 lobes per breasts; open at nipple
-separate by fat & CT
-consist of smaller lobular sizes that have glandular alveoli (produce milk)
-milk passes from alveolar glans to lactiferous ducts & sinuses (opens at nipple)
-milk is stored in lactiferous sinus
Mammary glands
-stimulate development of reproductive organs
-affect metabolism and neural activity
Sex hormones
Tropic hormones (gonadotropins)
Ovarian follicles development, ovum maturation (estrogen production)?
Triggers ovulation (somatic), stimulates hormone production (tropic)?
-FSH
-LH
Somatic hormones secreted by ant pituitary?
Prolactin: promotes mil production in mammary glands
Somatic hormones produced by specialized cells in the ovary?
-estrogen
-progesterone
-at puberty, stimulates growth/ maturation of genitalia & breasts
-promotes follicle growth in ovary & maturation of eggs
-stimulates myometrium during pregnancy
-growth spurt during adolescence 11-12
-enhances skeletal maturity 15-17
-promotes 2* sex characteristics development (breasts, widening pelvis, hair, fat)
Estrogen
-secretory changes in endometrium in 2nd 1/2 of monthly cycle prepares uterus wall for implantation
-decrease uterine contraction
-w/estrogen- establishes+ regulates uterine cycle & breast growth
-prepares breasts for lactation
-promotes diuresis (urine formation)
Progesterone
-process in which 1* oocytes (immure egg cells) undergo mitosis
-produces 2* oocytes
-females thought to be born w/life supply of egg cells
-at birth 2 million 2* oocytes in ovaries
Oogenesis
2 month cycles:
Ovarian?
Uterine (menstrual)?
Ovarian: maturation of egg cell
Uterine (menstrual): cyclical hyperplasia of endometrium
Uterine cycle
-menstrual phase (uterine endometrium sheds)
-proliferation (endometrium regenerates)
-secretory (preparing endometrium to accept fertilized egg)
Ovarian cycle
-follicular phase
-ovulation
-literal phase
-follicle= cluster of cells around occytes; responsible for its development
Follicle grows & matures
-meiosis & production of 2* occyte
-increase estrogen
Follicular phase (days 1-14)
-follicle bursts & release oocyte
-1-2% of population will release more than one egg at a time= fraternal twins
Ovulation
-conversion of follicle to corpus luteum
-increase progesterone
Literal phase ( 14 days)
Produce and secrete releasing hormones and gonadotropins
Hypothalamus and pituitary glands
Produce and secrete estrogen and progesterone
Ovaries
